Properties and Interfacial Bonding Enhancement of Oil Palm Bio-Ash Nanoparticles Biocomposites

• Published in: Polymers Vol. 13; no. 10; p. 1615
• Main Authors: Abdullah, C. K., Ismail, I., Nurul Fazita, M. R., Olaiya, N. G., Nasution, H., Oyekanmi, A. A., Nuryawan, Arif, H. P. S., Abdul Khalil
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Basel MDPI AG 17.05.2021; MDPI
• Subjects: Agricultural wastes; agriculture waste; Aldehydes; Ashes; Biomedical materials; Bonding strength; Composite materials; Environmental impact; Fourier transforms; Industrial applications; Interfacial bonding; material characterizations; Moisture absorption; Morphology; nano biocomposite; Nanocomposites; Nanomaterials; nanoparticle; Nanoparticles; oil palm bio-ash; Particle size; Permeability; Phenol formaldehyde resins; Phenols; Plywood; Polymers; Resins; Thermal stability; Thermogravimetric analysis; Vegetable oils; Penang Malaysia; Malaysia
• ISSN: 2073-4360; 2073-4360
• DOI: 10.3390/polym13101615

The effect of incorporating different loadings of oil palm bio-ash nanoparticles from agriculture waste on the properties of phenol-formaldehyde resin was investigated in this study. The bio-ash filler was used to enhance the performance of phenol-formaldehyde nanocomposites. Phenol-formaldehyde resin filled with oil palm bio-ash nanoparticles was prepared via the in-situ polymerization process to produce nanocomposites. The transmission electron microscope and particle size analyzer result revealed that oil palm bio-ash nanoparticles had a spherical geometry of 90 nm. Furthermore, X-ray diffraction results confirmed the formation of crystalline structure in oil palm bio-ash nanoparticles and phenol-formaldehyde nanocomposites. The thermogravimetric analysis indicated that the presence of oil palm bio-ash nanoparticles enhanced the thermal stability of the nanocomposites. The presence of oil palm bio-ash nanoparticles with 1% loading in phenol-formaldehyde resin enhanced the internal bonding strength of plywood composites. The scanning electron microscope image revealed that phenol-formaldehyde nanocomposites morphology had better uniform distribution and dispersion with 1% oil palm bio-ash nanoparticle loading than other phenol-formaldehyde nanocomposites produced. The nanocomposite has potential use in the development of particle and panel board for industrial applications.