Fate and degradation kinetics of nonylphenol compounds in aerobic batch digesters

• Published in: Water research (Oxford) Vol. 64; pp. 1 - 12
• Main Authors: Ömeroğlu, Seçil, Sanin, F. Dilek
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Kidlington Elsevier Ltd 01.11.2014; Elsevier
• Subjects: Aerobic digestion; Applied sciences; Biological and medical sciences; Biological treatment of sewage sludges and wastes; Bioreactors; Biotechnology; Degradation; Digesters; Endocrine Disruptors - chemistry; Endocrine Disruptors - metabolism; Environment and pollution; Exact sciences and technology; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Industrial applications and implications. Economical aspects; Kinetics; Metabolites; Nonylphenol; Nonylphenol diethoxylate; Nonylphenoxy acetic acid; Other industrial wastes. Sewage sludge; Parents; Phenols - chemistry; Phenols - metabolism; Phenyl Ethers - chemistry; Phenyl Ethers - metabolism; Pollution; Reactors; Sewage - chemistry; Sewage sludge; Sludge; Spikes; Waste Disposal, Fluid - methods; Wastes; Water Pollutants, Chemical - chemistry; Water Pollutants, Chemical - metabolism; Aerobic digestion; Nonylphenol diethoxylate; Nonylphenol; Nonylphenoxy acetic acid; Sewage sludge; Biodegradation; Pollutant behavior; Metabolite; Waste treatment; Non ionic surfactant; Surfactant polymer; Endocrine disruptor; Ethylene oxide polymer; Kinetics; Biological treatment; Degradation product; Organic compounds
• ISSN: 0043-1354; 1879-2448
• DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2014.06.033

Nonylphenol (NP) compounds are toxic and persistent chemicals that are not fully degraded either in natural or engineered systems. Current knowledge indicates that these compounds concentrate in sewage sludge. Therefore, investigating the degradation patterns and types of metabolites formed during sludge treatment are important for land application of sewage sludge. Unfortunately, the information on the fate of nonylphenol compounds in sludge treatment is very limited. This study aims to investigate the biodegradation patterns of nonylphenol diethoxylate (NP2EO) in aerobic batch digesters. For this purpose, two NP2EO spiked and two control laboratory aerobic batch digesters were operated. The spiked digester contained 3 mg/L NP2EO in the whole reactor content. The compounds of interest (parent compound and expected metabolites) were extracted with sonication and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC–MS) as a function of time. Results showed that, following the day of spike, NP2EO degraded rapidly. The metabolites observed were nonylphenol monoethoxylate (NP1EO), NP and dominantly, nonylphenoxy acetic acid (NP1EC). The mass balance over the reactors indicated that the total mass spiked was highly accounted for by the products analyzed. The time dependent analysis indicated that the parent compound degradation and daughter product formation followed first order kinetics. The digester performance parameters analyzed (VS and COD reduction) indicated that the spike of NP2EO did not affect the digester performance. [Display omitted] •NP compounds are endocrine disruptor chemicals with fate in sludge treatment not known.•Lab-scale aerobic digesters were set up and operated after spiking NP2EO.•The biodegradation pattern and products of NP2EO were monitored.•NP2EO degraded into NP1EO and NP1EC rapidly; NP1EC was the dominant metabolite.•Presence of NP compounds didn't affect the digester performance negatively.