Interplay between the DNA Damage Response and Immunotherapy Response in Cancer

• Published in: International journal of molecular sciences Vol. 23; no. 21; p. 13356
• Main Authors: Lee, Elizabeth Chun Yong, Kok, Jessica Sook Ting, Teh, Bin Tean, Lim, Kah Suan
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Basel MDPI AG 01.11.2022; MDPI
• Subjects: Biomarkers; Cancer; Cancer therapies; Cell cycle; Chemotherapy; Damage prevention; Deoxyribonucleic acid; DNA; DNA damage; DNA repair; genome instability; Genomes; Genomic instability; Genotoxicity; Immune system; Immunotherapy; Kinases; Mutation; Ovaries; Proteins; Radiation; Review; RNA polymerase; Transformed cells; Tumor suppressor genes; Tumorigenesis; Tumors
• ISSN: 1422-0067; 1661-6596; 1422-0067
• DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113356

Genome instability and immune evasion are both defining hallmarks of cancer. Tumorigenesis is frequently initiated when there is DNA damage to a proto-oncogene or tumor suppressor gene and DNA repair mechanisms are lost or insufficient to correct the damage; immune evasion then prevents the host immune system from recognizing these transformed cells. Therapies targeting genomic instability and immune evasion have been effectively used to treat cancer. Genotoxic therapies such as chemoradiation have been employed in cancer treatments for several decades, while immunotherapy is a relatively new class of cancer therapy that has led to disease regression even in patients with advanced cancer. Several recent studies have shown synergy between both classes of therapy targeting these two defining hallmarks of cancer, and different mechanisms are proposed to be involved. Here, we review the different classes of DNA damage, their links to cancer, and their contribution to immunotherapy responses, as well as the different models that are currently being used to study tumor–immune interactions.