Functional ultrasound imaging of deep visual cortex in awake nonhuman primates

Deep regions of the brain are not easily accessible to investigation at the mesoscale level in awake animals or humans. We have recently developed a functional ultrasound (fUS) technique that enables imaging hemodynamic responses to visual tasks. Using fUS imaging on two awake nonhuman primates perf...

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Published inProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - PNAS Vol. 117; no. 25; pp. 14453 - 14463
Main Authors Blaize, Kévin, Arcizet, Fabrice, Gesnik, Marc, Ahnine, Harry, Ferrari, Ulisse, Deffieux, Thomas, Pouget, Pierre, Chavane, Frédéric, Fink, Mathias, Sahel, José-Alain, Tanter, Mickael, Picaud, Serge
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Washington National Academy of Sciences 23.06.2020
Subjects
Biological Sciences
Brain
Brain mapping
Hemodynamic responses
Life Sciences
Mapping
Neuroimaging
Ocular dominance
Physical Sciences
Primates
Retina
Selectivity
Spatial discrimination
Spatial resolution
Ultrasonic imaging
Ultrasonic testing
Ultrasound
Visual cortex
Visual tasks
brain imaging
ocular dominance
nonhuman primate
visual cortex
functional ultrasound imaging
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Summary:Deep regions of the brain are not easily accessible to investigation at the mesoscale level in awake animals or humans. We have recently developed a functional ultrasound (fUS) technique that enables imaging hemodynamic responses to visual tasks. Using fUS imaging on two awake nonhuman primates performing a passive fixation task, we constructed retinotopic maps at depth in the visual cortex (V1, V2, and V3) in the calcarine and lunate sulci. The maps could be acquired in a single-hour session with relatively few presentations of the stimuli. The spatial resolution of the technology is illustrated by mapping patterns similar to ocular dominance (OD) columns within superficial and deep layers of the primary visual cortex. These acquisitions using fUS suggested that OD selectivity is mostly present in layer IV but with extensions into layers II/III and V. This imaging technology provides a new mesoscale approach to the mapping of brain activity at high spatiotemporal resolution in awake subjects within the whole depth of the cortex.
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PMCID: PMC7321983
3M.T. and S.P. contributed equally to this work.
Author contributions: K.B., F.A., P.P., F.C., and S.P. designed research; K.B., F.A., H.A., and P.P. performed research; K.B., F.A., M.G., U.F., T.D., P.P., M.F., J.-A.S., and M.T. contributed new reagents/analytic tools; K.B., F.A., U.F., P.P., F.C., and S.P. analyzed data; and K.B., F.A., P.P., F.C., and S.P. wrote the paper.
Edited by J. Anthony Movshon, New York University, New York, NY, and approved May 6, 2020 (received for review September 26, 2019)
1K.B. and F.A. contributed equally to this work.
ISSN:0027-8424
1091-6490
1091-6490
DOI:10.1073/pnas.1916787117