Tailored antisense oligonucleotides designed to correct aberrant splicing reveal actionable groups of mutations for rare genetic disorders

• Published in: Experimental & molecular medicine Vol. 56; no. 8; pp. 1816 - 1825
• Main Authors: Wai, Htoo A., Svobodova, Eliska, Herrera, Natalia Romero, Douglas, Andrew G. L., Holloway, John W., Baralle, Francisco E., Baralle, Marco, Baralle, Diana
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: London Nature Publishing Group UK 01.08.2024; Springer Nature B.V; Nature Publishing Group; 생화학분자생물학회
• Subjects: 38/44; 45/77; 631/61/391/1914; 692/308/153; Antisense oligonucleotides; Antisense RNA; Antisense therapy; Artificial intelligence; Biomedical and Life Sciences; Biomedicine; Cell culture; Genetic Diseases, Inborn - genetics; Genetic Diseases, Inborn - therapy; Genetic disorders; Guanidine; Humans; Medical Biochemistry; Molecular Medicine; Morpholinos - genetics; Morpholinos - therapeutic use; Mutation; Oligonucleotides, Antisense - genetics; Oligonucleotides, Antisense - therapeutic use; Phosphorothioate; Precision medicine; Rare diseases; Rare Diseases - drug therapy; Rare Diseases - genetics; Recovery of function; RNA Splicing; Splicing; Stem Cells; Therapeutic applications; 생화학
• ISSN: 2092-6413; 1226-3613; 2092-6413
• DOI: 10.1038/s12276-024-01292-1

Effective translation of rare disease diagnosis knowledge into therapeutic applications is achievable within a reasonable timeframe; where mutations are amenable to current antisense oligonucleotide technology. In our study, we identified five distinct types of abnormal splice-causing mutations in patients with rare genetic disorders and developed a tailored antisense oligonucleotide for each mutation type using phosphorodiamidate morpholino oligomers with or without octa-guanidine dendrimers and 2′-O-methoxyethyl phosphorothioate. We observed variations in treatment effects and efficiencies, influenced by both the chosen chemistry and the specific nature of the aberrant splicing patterns targeted for correction. Our study demonstrated the successful correction of all five different types of aberrant splicing. Our findings reveal that effective correction of aberrant splicing can depend on altering the chemical composition of oligonucleotides and suggest a fast, efficient, and feasible approach for developing personalized therapeutic interventions for genetic disorders within short time frames. Personalized medicine: targeted oligonucleotides for rare genetic disorders Millions globally suffer from rare diseases, often genetic and affecting children. This study explores using antisense oligonucleotides to fix incorrect RNA splicing, a common result of disease-causing genetic mutations. The results showed that tailored ASOs could correct incorrect splicing for various mutation types, showing this technology′s potential in treating rare genetic diseases. The team chose five mutation types disrupting normal splicing and created specific ASOs to correct these errors in cell models. They created minigenes to simulate the mutations and tested different ASOs′ effectiveness. This method was key to understanding ASOs′ ability to restore normal gene function, crucial for developing targeted treatments for rare genetic disorders. This research could lead to new, targeted treatments for rare genetic disorders, offering hope to millions of patients and their families facing limited treatment options. This summary was initially drafted using artificial intelligence, then revised and fact-checked by the author.