Isolation of pectenotoxin-2 from Dinophysis acuta and its conversion to pectenotoxin-2 seco acid, and preliminary assessment of their acute toxicities
We have developed a simple and effective method for isolating pectenotoxin-2 (PTX-2) from Dinophysis cells collected from a natural bloom. A two-step extraction procedure followed by two column chromatography steps produced PTX-2 in high purity suitable for use as an analytical standard and for toxi...
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Published in | Toxicon (Oxford) Vol. 43; no. 1; pp. 1 - 9 |
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Main Authors | , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
Format | Journal Article |
Language | English |
Published |
Oxford
Elsevier Ltd
2004
Elsevier Science |
Subjects | |
Online Access | Get full text |
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Summary: | We have developed a simple and effective method for isolating pectenotoxin-2 (PTX-2) from
Dinophysis cells collected from a natural bloom. A two-step extraction procedure followed by two column chromatography steps produced PTX-2 in high purity suitable for use as an analytical standard and for toxicological studies. Incubation of purified PTX-2 with the supernatant from ultracentrifuged blue (
Mytilus edulis) or Greenshell
® (
Perna canaliculus) mussel hepatopancreas homogenate caused rapid conversion to pectenotoxin-2 seco acid (PTX-2 SA). Purification of PTX-2 SA was achieved by solvent extraction followed by column chromatography. PTX-2 and PTX-2 SA were fully characterized by LC–MS and NMR, and full
1H and
13C NMR assignments were obtained. Okadaic acid C
8-diol ester was isolated during the purification of PTX-2, and its identity confirmed by NMR and LC–MS analyses. Pectenotoxin-2 seco acid methyl ester, identified by LC–MS, was also produced during the hydrolytic procedure due to the presence of methanol. PTX-2 was acutely toxic to mice by i.p. injection (LD
50=219 μg/kg) but no effects were seen with PTX-2 SA at 5000 μg/kg. Neither PTX-2 nor PTX-2 SA was overtly toxic to mice by the oral route at doses up to 5000 μg/kg. No diarrhea was observed in mice dosed with either compound, suggesting that pectenotoxins do not belong in the diarrhetic shellfish poison group. |
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ISSN: | 0041-0101 1879-3150 |
DOI: | 10.1016/j.toxicon.2003.10.003 |