Prevalence and trends of adult overweight and obesity in Nigeria - A systematic review and meta-analysis

• Published in: Nigerian journal of clinical practice Vol. 26; no. 1; pp. 1 - 15
• Main Authors: Ramalan, M, Gezawa, I, Musa, B, Uloko, A, Fakhraddeen, Y
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: India Wolters Kluwer India Pvt. Ltd 01.01.2023; Medknow Publications and Media Pvt. Ltd
• Subjects: Adult; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Forecasts and trends; Humans; Nigeria - epidemiology; Obesity; Obesity - epidemiology; Overweight - epidemiology; Prevalence; Statistics; Nigeria; prevalence; Nigeria; overweight; obesity; trends
• ISSN: 1119-3077; 2229-7731
• DOI: 10.4103/njcp.njcp_1903_21

Background: The prevalence of obesity and its attendant complications are on the increase globally-sub-Saharan Africa inclusive. Obesity confers an increased risk of coronary artery disease, type 2 diabetes, ischemic stroke, and some cancers. In Nigeria, several individual reports estimate an exponential increase in the prevalence of overweight and obesity. Aim: In this study, we aimed to estimate the current prevalence of overweight and obesity in Nigeria through a systematic review and meta-analyses. Materials and Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted on the prevalence of obesity in Nigeria using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) format following searches on major search engines, performed in PubMed, Science Direct, Google Scholar, Africa Journals Online (AJOL), and the WHO African Index Medicus database. Studies on the subject area conducted from the year 2000 to 2018 were included. The forest plot was used to graphically present the results, while confidence interval at 95% was used to display the rates. Results: A total of 77 articles on the prevalence of obesity involving 107, 781 individuals were used in the study. We found a pooled estimate of overweight of 26.0% (95% CI: 23.0-29.0) and that of obesity as 15.0% (95% CI: 13.0-16.0). There was an increasing trend in the prevalence of obesity in Nigeria from the study especially among urban dwellers. Conclusion: The prevalence of obesity and overweight in Nigeria is high with a rising trend over the years. A Nigerian national health survey of non-communicable diseases especially the burden of overweight/obesity is recommended to through more light on the subject. There is need for concerted effort to tame the tide of rising obesity rates in Nigeria.