Role of Social Networks and Social Norms in Future PrEP Use in a Racially Diverse Sample of At-Risk Women and Members of Their Social Networks

• Published in: Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) Vol. 86; no. 4; p. 422
• Main Authors: Johnson, Laura M, Green, Jr, Harold D, Koch, Brandon, Stockman, Jamila K, Felsher, Marisa, Roth, Alexis M, Wagner, Karla D
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States 01.04.2021
• Subjects: Adult; Anti-HIV Agents - therapeutic use; Female; HIV Infections - drug therapy; HIV Infections - prevention & control; HIV-1; Humans; Middle Aged; Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis; Racial Groups; Risk Factors; Social Norms; Social Support; Young Adult
• ISSN: 1944-7884
• DOI: 10.1097/QAI.0000000000002571

Despite the efficacy of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) in reducing the risk of HIV infection, uptake remains low among many who are most vulnerable to HIV, such as Black and Latinx women. Interventions that target social networks to encourage at-risk women to initiate PrEP are underused. This study used an egocentric network design and sampled Black/African American and Latinx women at risk of HIV as well as people from their social networks (N = 211) in a small, western city. Multivariable generalized linear mixed effects regression models investigated individual-level and network-level characteristics associated with likely future PrEP use. PrEP awareness was low, but once informed, 36% considered themselves likely to take it in the future. Perceived risk of HIV, perceived barriers to HIV testing, and participation in a 12-step program increased odds of anticipated PrEP use. A higher proportion of friends in one's network decreased odds of future PrEP use, whereas a higher proportion of network members who tested regularly for HIV increased odds of future PrEP use. A marginally significant interaction was detected between proportion of friends in one's network and proportion of the network perceived to test for HIV regularly (ie, testing norms). When HIV testing norms were low, a higher proportion of friends in the network decreased odds of likely PrEP use. However, this effect was reversed in contexts with strong testing norms. Women who are interested in PrEP may be embedded within social and normative contexts that can foster or inhibit PrEP uptake.