Synthesis, dispersion, and cytocompatibility of graphene oxide and reduced graphene oxide

• Published in: Colloids and surfaces, B, Biointerfaces Vol. 89; no. 1; pp. 79 - 85
• Main Authors: Wojtoniszak, Malgorzata, Chen, Xuecheng, Kalenczuk, Ryszard J., Wajda, Anna, Łapczuk, Joanna, Kurzewski, Mateusz, Drozdzik, Marek, Chu, Pual K., Borowiak-Palen, Ewa
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Netherlands Elsevier B.V 01.01.2012
• Subjects: Biocompatibility; Biocompatible Materials; colloids; Dispersants; Fibroblasts; Graphene; Graphene oxide; Graphite - chemistry; In vitro toxicology; mice; Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; Nanomaterials; Oxidation-Reduction; Oxides; polyethylene; polyethylene glycol; Spectrophotometry, Infrared; Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; Spectrum Analysis, Raman; Synthesis; Thermogravimetry; Toxicity; X-Ray Diffraction; In vitro toxicology; Graphene; Graphene oxide
• ISSN: 0927-7765; 1873-4367
• DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2011.08.026

[Display omitted] ► Morphology of GO and RGO. ► Stability of GO and RGO suspensions in dispersants: PEG, DOC, Pluronic 123. ► Influence of the dispersant type, GO, RGO concentration on mammalian cell toxicity. ► PEG as optimal dispersant of GO, RGO in bioapplications. The synthesis, characterization, and toxicity of graphene oxide and reduced graphene oxide are reported. Prior to the cytocompatibility tests the stability of the suspensions in a wide range of concentrations (3.125-100μg/mL) of three different dispersants is studied. Polyethylene glycol (PEG), polyethylene glycol–polypropylene glycol–polyethylene glycol (Pluronic P123), and sodium deoxycholate (DOC) are investigated as the dispersants. The toxicity depends on the type of dispersant and concentration of the nanomaterials in the suspensions. Detailed analysis suggests that graphene oxide functionalized with PEG in the concentration range between 3125μg/mL and 25μg/mL exhibits the best biocompatibility with mice fibroblast cells (line L929).