Peroxidation of linoleic acid and its relation to aging and age dependent diseases

• Published in: Mechanisms of ageing and development Vol. 122; no. 7; pp. 617 - 657
• Main Author: Spiteller, Gerhard
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Shannon Elsevier Ireland Ltd 31.05.2001; Elsevier Science
• Subjects: Ageing, cell death; Aging; Aging - metabolism; Aging - physiology; Animals; Apoptosis; Biological and medical sciences; Cell physiology; Disease; Energy Intake; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology; Humans; Linoleic acid; Linoleic Acid - metabolism; Lipid Peroxidation - physiology; Molecular and cellular biology; Neoplasms - metabolism; Peroxidation; LH, polyunsaturated fatty acid, the hydrogen is localized at a bis-allylically activated CH 2 group; PCD, programmed cell death; LOO , peroxyl radical of a polyunsaturated fatty acid; GC, gas chromatogram, gas chromatograph; HPODE, hydroperoxyoctadecadienoic acid; LOOH, hydroperoxide of a polyunsaturated acid; EI, electron impact; AGE, advanced glycation end products; HPLC, high pressure liquid chromatography; KODE, oxo-octadecadienoic acid; Linoleic acid; cAMP, cyclic adenosine monophosphate; 4-HNE, 4-hydroxy-2,3-nonenal; MDA, malondialdehyde; Aging; MS, mass spectrometry, mass spectrum; LPO, lipidperoxidation; ROS, reactive oxygen species; PUFA, polyunsaturated fatty acid; HODE, hydroxy-octadecadienoic acid; Peroxidation; LO , alkoxy radical derived from a polyunsaturated fatty acid; Enzyme; Ageing; Polyunsaturated fatty acid; Lipids; Hydroperoxide; Review; Arachidonic acid; Free radical; Oxidoreductases; Lipoxygenase; Apoptosis
• ISSN: 0047-6374; 1872-6216
• DOI: 10.1016/S0047-6374(01)00220-2

Cell proliferation, cell injury and aging are connected with changes in the cell membrane structure. Apparently these changes activate, in mammalian as well as in plant cells, lipases which liberate polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). PUFAs are the substrates for lipoxygenases which convert them to corresponding hydroperoxides (LOOHs). Lipoxygenases commit suicide by releasing iron ions. LOOHs react with iron ions to generate radicals. Thus, a nonenzymic lipid peroxidation process (LPO) is induced. It is speculated that the change from enzymic to nonenzymic LPO is connected with the switch from apoptosis to necrosis and that LOOHs produced in enzymic reactions are degraded specifically to signal compounds which induce physiological responses, while nonenzymic reactions seem to induce generation of reactive oxygen species, cell death and age related diseases. Enzymic and nonenzymic LPO processes concern all PUFAs not only arachidonic acid. The main PUFA in mammals is linoleic acid. Since these products serve signalling functions, different degradation paths of linoleic–hydroperoxides are described in detail and the physiological properties of LPO products are discussed in relation to aging and age related diseases.