Gemcitabine plus Cisplatin versus Gemcitabine plus Carboplatin as First-Line Chemotherapy in Advanced Transitional Cell Carcinoma of the Urothelium: Results of a Randomized Phase 2 Trial

• Published in: European urology Vol. 52; no. 1; pp. 134 - 141
• Main Authors: Dogliotti, Luigi, Cartenì, Giacomo, Siena, Salvatore, Bertetto, Oscar, Martoni, Andrea, Bono, Aldo, Amadori, Dino, Onat, Haluk, Marini, Luca
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Oxford Elsevier 01.07.2007
• Subjects: Adult; Aged; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols - administration & dosage; Biological and medical sciences; Carboplatin - administration & dosage; Carcinoma, Transitional Cell - drug therapy; Carcinoma, Transitional Cell - mortality; Carcinoma, Transitional Cell - pathology; Cisplatin - administration & dosage; Deoxycytidine - administration & dosage; Deoxycytidine - analogs & derivatives; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Italy - epidemiology; Male; Medical sciences; Middle Aged; Neoplasm Staging; Nephrology. Urinary tract diseases; Retrospective Studies; Survival Rate; Time Factors; Treatment Outcome; Turkey - epidemiology; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms - drug therapy; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms - mortality; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms - pathology; Urology; Urothelium - pathology; Italy; Turkey; Carboplatin; Chemotherapy; Gemcitabine; Bladder cancer; Cisplatin; Antineoplastic agent; Nephrology; Bladder cancer;Carboplatin;Chemotherapy;Cisplatin;Gemcitabine; Transitional cell carcinoma; Urology; Randomization; Urinary bladder; Phase II trial; Clinical trial; Advanced stage; Pyrimidine nucleoside; Platinum II Complexes; Drug combination; Malignant tumor; First line treatment; Alkylating agent; Antimetabolic; Urinary system; Pyrimidine derivatives; Fluorine Organic compounds; Comparative study; Urothelium
• ISSN: 0302-2838; 1873-7560
• DOI: 10.1016/j.eururo.2006.12.029

Abstract Objectives This phase 2 randomized study compared the toxicity and assessed the efficacy of gemcitabine–cisplatin (GP) and gemcitabine–carboplatin (GC) in patients with advanced transitional cell carcinoma of the urothelium (TCC), with the main objective to demonstrate a reduction in toxicity of at least 25% in the GC arm. Methods A total of 110 chemonaive patients (55 per arm) with locally advanced or metastatic TCC received gemcitabine 1250 mg/m2 on days 1 and 8 plus cisplatin 70 mg/m2 on day 2 (GP) every 3 wk or gemcitabine 1250 mg/m2 on days 1 and 8 plus carboplatin AUC 5 on day 2 (GC) every 3 wk for a maximum of six cycles. Results No differences between arms were noted in the overall toxicity profiles and any parameter of toxicity. The most frequent grade 3–4 hematologic toxicity was neutropenia in 34.6% of patients for GP and 45.4% for GC. The most frequent grade 3–4 nonhematologic toxicity was nausea and vomiting (GP: 9.1%; GC: 3.6%). Grade 1–2 nephrotoxicity occurred in 14 GP-treated patients (26.0%) and 9 GC-treated patients (16.3%). Per an intent-to-treat analysis, overall response, evaluated on 80 patients, was 49.1% for GP (CR: 14.5%; PR: 34.5%) and 40.0% for GC (CR: 1.8%; PR: 38.2%). Median time to progression was 8.3 mo for GP and 7.7 mo for GC. Median survival was 12.8 mo and 9.8 mo for GP and GC, respectively. Conclusions GC has a comparably acceptable toxicity profile compared with that of GP and seems active in patients with TCC.