Cognitive Functions in Scuba, Technical and Saturation Diving

• Published in: Biology (Basel, Switzerland) Vol. 12; no. 2; p. 229
• Main Authors: Sharma, Rita I, Marcinkowska, Anna B, Mankowska, Natalia D, Waśkow, Monika, Kot, Jacek, Winklewski, Pawel J
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Switzerland MDPI AG 31.01.2023; MDPI
• Subjects: Acute effects; Chronic effects; cognition; Cognition & reasoning; Cognitive ability; Cold; Decision making; Diving; Exercise; Gases; high-pressure neurological syndrome; Magnetic resonance imaging; Memory; Nervous system; Nitrogen; Physical fitness; Review; Scuba & skin diving; Scuba diving; Substantia alba; Verbal learning; Water activity; Water temperature; Poland; cognition; diving; high-pressure neurological syndrome
• ISSN: 2079-7737; 2079-7737
• DOI: 10.3390/biology12020229

Scuba diving as a recreational activity is becoming increasingly popular. However, the safety of this activity, especially in the out-of-comfort zone, has been discussed worldwide. The latest publications bring conclusions regarding negative effects on cognitive functions. We compare the acute and chronic effects of diving on cognitive functioning depending on the type of dive performed, including recreational, technical and saturation diving. However, the results of research show that acute and chronic effects on cognitive functions can be negative. While acute effects are reversible after the ascent, chronic effects include white matter lesions in magnetic resonance imaging scans. We believe that more investigations should be performed to determine the chronic effects that could be observed after a few months of observations in a group of regular, intense divers. In addition, publications referring to technical divers are very limited, which is disquieting, as this particular group of divers seems to be neglected in research concerning the effects of diving on cognitive functions.