Promoter-proximal pausing of RNA polymerase II: a nexus of gene regulation

Precise spatio–temporal control of gene activity is essential for organismal development, growth, and survival in a changing environment. Decisive steps in gene regulation involve the pausing of RNA polymerase II (Pol II) in early elongation, and the controlled release of paused polymerase into prod...

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Bibliographic Details
Published inGenes & development Vol. 33; no. 15-16; pp. 960 - 982
Main Authors Core, Leighton, Adelman, Karen
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published United States Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press 01.08.2019
Subjects
Animals
Enzyme Stability
Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental
Humans
Nucleosomes - metabolism
Promoter Regions, Genetic - genetics
RNA Polymerase II - genetics
RNA Polymerase II - metabolism
Special Section: Review
Transcription Elongation, Genetic
transcription regulation
gene regulation
Pol II pausing
gene expression
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Summary:Precise spatio–temporal control of gene activity is essential for organismal development, growth, and survival in a changing environment. Decisive steps in gene regulation involve the pausing of RNA polymerase II (Pol II) in early elongation, and the controlled release of paused polymerase into productive RNA synthesis. Here we describe the factors that enable pausing and the events that trigger Pol II release into the gene. We also discuss open questions in the field concerning the stability of paused Pol II, nucleosomes as obstacles to elongation, and potential roles of pausing in defining the precision and dynamics of gene expression.
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ISSN:0890-9369
1549-5477
1549-5477
DOI:10.1101/gad.325142.119