Association between bronchopulmonary dysplasia and early respiratory morbidity in children with respiratory distress syndrome: a case–control study using nationwide data

• Published in: Scientific reports Vol. 12; no. 1; p. 7578
• Main Authors: Shin, Jeong Eun, Jang, Haerin, Han, Jung Ho, Park, Joonsik, Kim, Soo Yeon, Kim, Yoon Hee, Eun, Ho Seon, Lee, Soon Min, Park, Kook In, Sohn, Myung Hyun, Park, Min Soo, Kim, Kyung Won
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: London Nature Publishing Group UK 09.05.2022; Nature Publishing Group; Nature Portfolio
• Subjects: 692/308/174; 692/499; 692/699/1785/3193; Adolescent; Adult; Asthma; Asthma - complications; Asthma - epidemiology; Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia - complications; Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia - epidemiology; Case studies; Case-Control Studies; Child; Child, Preschool; Children; Dysplasia; Humanities and Social Sciences; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Lung diseases; Mechanical ventilation; Morbidity; multidisciplinary; Neonates; Respiratory distress syndrome; Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Newborn - complications; Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Newborn - epidemiology; Risk Factors; Science; Science (multidisciplinary); Young Adult
• ISSN: 2045-2322; 2045-2322
• DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-11657-z

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) can cause respiratory morbidity beyond the neonatal period. We aimed to analyze the association of BPD on childhood lower respiratory illness (LRI) and asthma among patients diagnosed with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). This case–control study analyzed data between 2002 and 2015 from a nationwide database. We included 55,066 children with RDS. Two-year LRI and asthma at ages 3 and 5 were assessed. Readmission for LRIs within 2 years of birth occurred in 53.9% and 37.9% of the BPD (n = 9470) and non-BPD (n = 45,596) cases, respectively. In the BPD group, the median number of hospitalizations, mechanical ventilation and oxygen use rates were significantly higher, while the hospitalization duration was significantly longer ( P  < 0.001 for all). The relative risk of BPD was 1.42 (1.39–1.45) on total readmission and 6.53 (5.96–7.15) on intensive care unit readmission. Asthma prevalence was significantly higher in BPD group (57.6% vs. 48.9% at age 3 and 44.3% vs. 38.2% at age 5, P  < 0.001). In children with RDS, BPD could affect repetitive and worse LRI as an independent risk factor for respiratory morbidity during the first 2 years of life. BPD may also be a crucial risk factor for asthma in preschoolers.