Personalized Nutrition Approach in Pregnancy and Early Life to Tackle Childhood and Adult Non-Communicable Diseases

• Published in: Life (Basel, Switzerland) Vol. 11; no. 6; p. 467
• Main Authors: Alabduljabbar, Shaikha, Zaidan, Sara Al, Lakshmanan, Arun Prasath, Terranegra, Annalisa
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Basel MDPI AG 24.05.2021; MDPI
• Subjects: Adipocytes; Adults; Angiogenesis; Babies; Blood pressure; Breast feeding; breastfeeding; Breastfeeding & lactation; Cardiovascular disease; Children; Customization; Diabetes; Diet; Embryos; Environmental factors; Epigenetics; Famine; Fetuses; Gametogenesis; gut microbiota; Hormones; Human nutrition; Hypertension; Infectious diseases; Insulin resistance; Intestinal microflora; Metabolic syndrome; Microbiota; Molecular modelling; non-communicable diseases; Nutrient deficiency; Nutrients; nutrigenetics; Nutrition; Nutrition research; Nutritional status; Obesity; precision nutrition; Pregnancy; Proteins; Review; Transcription
• ISSN: 2075-1729; 2075-1729
• DOI: 10.3390/life11060467

The development of childhood and adult non-communicable diseases (NCD) is associated with environmental factors, starting from intrauterine life. A new theory finds the roots of epigenetic programming in parental gametogenesis, continuing during embryo development, fetal life, and finally in post-natal life. Maternal health status and poor nutrition are widely recognized as implications in the onset of childhood and adult diseases. Early nutrition, particularly breastfeeding, also plays a primary role in affecting the health status of an individual later in life. A poor maternal diet during pregnancy and lack of breastfeeding can cause a nutrient deficiency that affects the gut microbiota, and acts as a cofactor for many pathways, impacting the epigenetic controls and transcription of genes involved in the metabolism, angiogenesis, and other pathways, leading to NCDs in adult life. Both maternal and fetal genetic backgrounds also affect nutrient adsorption and functioning at the cellular level. This review discusses the most recent evidence on maternal nutrition and breastfeeding in the development of NCD, the potentiality of the omics technologies in uncovering the molecular mechanisms underlying it, with the future prospective of applying a personalized nutrition approach to prevent and treat NCD from the beginning of fetal life.