Acute Renal Failure in Medical and Surgical Intensive Care Units-A One Year Prospective Study

• Published in: Renal failure Vol. 25; no. 1; pp. 105 - 113
• Main Authors: Avasthi, Gurcharan, Sandhu, Jasvinder Singh, Mohindra, Kavita
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Colchester Informa UK Ltd 2003; Taylor & Francis
• Subjects: Acute Kidney Injury - etiology; Acute Kidney Injury - mortality; Acute Kidney Injury - therapy; Acute renal failure (ARF); Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Biological and medical sciences; Cause of Death; Female; General Surgery; Hospital Mortality; Humans; Incidence; India - epidemiology; Intensive care units (ICUs); Intensive Care Units - classification; Intensive Care Units - statistics & numerical data; Male; Medical sciences; Middle Aged; Nephrology. Urinary tract diseases; Nephropathies. Renovascular diseases. Renal failure; Organ system failure (OSF); Patient Admission; Prospective Studies; Renal Dialysis; Renal failure; Survival Analysis; Kidney disease; Human; Urinary system disease; Intensive care units (ICUs); Acute; Mortality; Epidemiology; Intensive care unit; Incidence; Medicine; Organ system failure (OSF); Etiology; Surgery; Renal failure; Acute renal failure (ARF); Resuscitation
• ISSN: 0886-022X; 1525-6049
• DOI: 10.1081/JDI-120017473

The spectrum of acute renal failure is different in intensive care unit (ICU) vs. non-ICU population. This one year prospective study carried out in medical and surgical intensive care units showed an incidence of 8.6% of acute renal failure. The incidence of acute renal failure was highest in medical ICU (17.2%) followed by burns ICU (5.3%), pulmonary ICU (5.2%), stroke ICU (4.4%), surgical ICU (3.1%) and least in coronary ICU (1.3%). The acute renal failure was attributable to medical causes in 68% followed by surgery and trauma in 21.2%, burns in 5.6% and pregnancy related in 5.1%. In majority, acute renal failure was multifactorial. Septicemia was the commonest cause in both medical (50%) and surgical (86%) ICUs. Multi organ system failure was present in 77.3% of patients with acute renal failure. Approximately 40% required dialysis. The mortality of acute renal failure was 62% and the mortality was correlated with the number of organ system failures, presence of oliguria and septicemia. The mean ICU stay was significantly shorter in the non-survivors.