Hyperglycemia and Carotenoid Intake Are Associated with Serum Carotenoids in Youth with Type 1 Diabetes

Serum carotenoids are commonly used as biomarkers of fruit and vegetable (F/V) intake in the general population. Although hyperglycemia induces oxidative stress, it is unknown whether this pathway is associated with lower serum carotenoid concentrations in individuals with type 1 diabetes. Consequen...

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Published inJournal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics Vol. 119; no. 8; pp. 1340 - 1348
Main Authors Sanjeevi, Namrata, Lipsky, Leah M., Nansel, Tonja R.
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published United States Elsevier Inc 01.08.2019
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Summary:Serum carotenoids are commonly used as biomarkers of fruit and vegetable (F/V) intake in the general population. Although hyperglycemia induces oxidative stress, it is unknown whether this pathway is associated with lower serum carotenoid concentrations in individuals with type 1 diabetes. Consequently, the utility of serum carotenoids as markers of F/V intake in individuals with type 1 diabetes is unclear. The study objectives were: 1) to investigate the relationship of glycemic control, oxidative stress, dietary carotenoid and F/V intake with serum carotenoid concentrations in youth with type 1 diabetes and 2) to determine whether glycemic control or oxidative stress moderates the association of carotenoid and F/V intake with serum carotenoids. The study was a secondary analysis of baseline data from youth with type 1 diabetes. Blood samples were drawn from youth with type 1 diabetes to assess carotenoids and markers of glycemic control (glycated hemoglobin and 1,5-anhydroglucitol); urine samples were used to assess oxidative stress (8-iso-prostaglandin F2α); and 3-day diet records completed by families were used to determine F/V and carotenoid intake. The study participants were youth with type 1 diabetes (n=136; age range: 8 to 16.9 years; diabetes duration ≥1 year; glycated hemoglobin: 5.8% to 11.9%) enrolled in a nutrition intervention trial from 2010 to 2013 at a tertiary diabetes center in Boston, MA. Serum carotenoids (total carotenoids and α-carotene, β-carotene, lycopene, β-cryptoxanthin, and lutein+zeaxanthin). Regression analyses were used to estimate the association of glycemic control, oxidative stress, F/V and carotenoid intake with serum carotenoids, as well as the role of glycemic control and oxidative stress in moderating diet-serum carotenoid associations. Greater F/V intake (β=0.35, P<0.001) and carotenoid intake (β=0.28, P<0.01) were associated with higher total serum carotenoids, and no moderation by glycemic control or oxidative stress was observed. Greater hyperglycemia, as indicated by lower 1,5-anhydroglucitol (β=0.27, P<0.01), was related to lower serum carotenoids; however, glycated hemoglobin was not associated with serum carotenoids. 8-Iso-prostaglandin F2α was not associated with glycemic control or serum carotenoids. Findings support the validity of serum carotenoids as markers of F/V and carotenoid intake in youth with type 1 diabetes.
Bibliography:TRN and LML designed the research. NS analyzed the data, wrote the manuscript and had primary responsibility for final content; and all authors: contributed to the manuscript editing and read and approved the final manuscript.
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ISSN:2212-2672
2212-2680
DOI:10.1016/j.jand.2019.03.009