Macrophage Polarization States in the Tumor Microenvironment

The M1/M2 macrophage paradigm plays a key role in tumor progression. M1 macrophages are historically regarded as anti-tumor, while M2-polarized macrophages, commonly deemed tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), are contributors to many pro-tumorigenic outcomes in cancer through angiogenic and lymphan...

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Published inInternational journal of molecular sciences Vol. 22; no. 13; p. 6995
Main Authors Boutilier, Ava J., Elsawa, Sherine F.
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Basel MDPI AG 29.06.2021
MDPI
Subjects
Angiogenesis
Antigens
Apoptosis
Cell cycle
Cell growth
Chemokines
Cytokines
Gene expression
Genotype & phenotype
Hypoxia
Infections
Inflammation
Kinases
Ligands
Neutrophils
Nitric oxide
Physiology
Review
Vascular endothelial growth factor
Wound healing
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Summary:The M1/M2 macrophage paradigm plays a key role in tumor progression. M1 macrophages are historically regarded as anti-tumor, while M2-polarized macrophages, commonly deemed tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), are contributors to many pro-tumorigenic outcomes in cancer through angiogenic and lymphangiogenic regulation, immune suppression, hypoxia induction, tumor cell proliferation, and metastasis. The tumor microenvironment (TME) can influence macrophage recruitment and polarization, giving way to these pro-tumorigenic outcomes. Investigating TME-induced macrophage polarization is critical for further understanding of TAM-related pro-tumor outcomes and potential development of new therapeutic approaches. This review explores the current understanding of TME-induced macrophage polarization and the role of M2-polarized macrophages in promoting tumor progression.
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ISSN:1422-0067
1661-6596
1422-0067
DOI:10.3390/ijms22136995