Inflammatory signaling and metabolic regulation by nitro-fatty acids

• Published in: Nitric oxide Vol. 78; pp. 140 - 145
• Main Authors: Rom, Oren, Khoo, Nicholas K.H., Chen, Y. Eugene, Villacorta, Luis
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States Elsevier Inc 01.08.2018
• Subjects: Inflammation; Metabolism; NF-κB; Nitro-fatty acids; PPARγ; NF-κB; Nitro-fatty acids; Inflammation; Metabolism; PPARγ
• ISSN: 1089-8603; 1089-8611
• DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2018.03.017

The addition of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) to the double bond of unsaturated fatty acids yields an array of electrophilic nitro-fatty acids (NO2-FA) with unique biochemical and signaling properties. During the last decade, NO2-FA have been shown to exert a protective role in various inflammatory and metabolic disorders. NO2-FA exert their biological effects primarily by regulating two central physiological adaptive responses: the canonical inflammatory signaling and metabolic pathways. In this mini-review, we summarize current knowledge on the regulatory role of NO2-FA in the inflammatory and metabolic response via regulation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ), master regulators of inflammation and metabolism. Moreover, the engagement of novel signaling and metabolic pathways influenced by NO2-FA, beyond NF-κB and PPAR signaling, is discussed herein. [Display omitted] •NO2-FA modulate key signaling pathways via posttranslational modifications.•NO2-FA inhibit NF-κB via direct p65 nitroalkylation and regulate Toll-like receptor signaling.•NO2-FA are PPARγ ligands that differ from thiazolidinediones in receptor affinity and extent of activation.•This mini-review conveys the protective role of NO2-FA in inflammatory responses and regulation of metabolic pathways.•Content.