Gene set enrichment analysis of alpha-glucosidase inhibitors from Ficus benghalensis

• Published in: Asian Pacific journal of tropical biomedicine Vol. 9; no. 6; pp. 263 - 270
• Main Authors: Khanal, Pukar, Patil, B
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Medknow Publications and Media Pvt. Ltd 01.06.2019; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, KLE College of Pharmacy Belagavi, KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research (KAHER),Belagavi-590010, India; Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications
• Subjects: Aldose reductase; Analysis; Anopheles; Biochemistry; ficus benghalensis; Forecasts and trends; Gene expression; gene set enrichment; Genes; Genomes; Genomics; kaempferol; Monosaccharides; network pharmacology; Physiological aspects; Toxicity; type 2 diabetes mellitus; Network pharmacology; Type 2 diabetes mellitus; Gene set enrichment; Ficus benghalensis; Kaempferol
• ISSN: 2221-1691; 2588-9222
• DOI: 10.4103/2221-1691.260399

Objective: To identify alpha-glucosidase inhibitors from Ficus benghalensis and analyze gene set enrichment of regulated protein molecules. Methods: The phytoconstituents of Ficus benghalensis were queried for inhibitors of alpha-glucosidase, also identified as aldose reductase inhibitors. Druglikeness score, absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion and toxicity profile, biological spectrum, and gene expression were predicated for each compound. Docking study was performed to predict the binding affinity with alpha-glucosidase and aldose reductase and compared with clinically proven molecules. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis was performed for the regulated genes to identify the modulated pathways. Results: Apigenin, 3,4',5,7-tetrahydroxy-3'-methoxyflavone, and kaempferol were identified as inhibitors of alpha-glucosidase and aldose reductase. Kaempferol was predicted to possess the highest binding affinity with both targets. The p53 signaling pathway was predicted to modulate the majority of protein molecules in diabetes mellitus. All the alpha-glucosidase inhibitors were also predicted as membrane integrity agonist and anti-mutagenic compounds. Conclusions: The current study indicates alpha-glucosidase inhibitors from Ficus benghalensis can act as aldose reductase inhibitors after absorption from the intestinal tract. Furthermore, these phytoconstituents are involved in the regulation of numerous protein molecules and pathways. Hence, the anti-diabetic efficacies of these compounds are due to their action on multiple protein molecules and synergistic effects which should be confirmed by future investigations.