Diagnostic Tools and Biomarkers for Severe Drug Eruptions

In accordance with the development of human technology, various medications have been speedily developed in the current decade. While they have beneficial impact on various diseases, these medications accidentally cause adverse reactions, especially drug eruption. This delayed hypersensitivity react...

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Bibliographic Details
Published inInternational journal of molecular sciences Vol. 22; no. 14; p. 7527
Main Authors Yoshioka, Manabu, Sawada, Yu, Nakamura, Motonobu
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Basel MDPI AG 14.07.2021
MDPI
Subjects
Allergens
Allergies
Antigens
biomarker
Biomarkers
Clinical aspects
Cytotoxicity
diagnosis
DNA methylation
drug eruption
Epigenetics
Gene expression
Granzyme B
High mobility group proteins
HMGB1 protein
Hypersensitivity (delayed)
Lymphocytes
MicroRNAs
Pathogenesis
Perforin
Proteins
Review
Side effects
Skin
Skin diseases
Skin eruptions
Stevens-Johnson syndrome
Toxic epidermal necrolysis
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Summary:In accordance with the development of human technology, various medications have been speedily developed in the current decade. While they have beneficial impact on various diseases, these medications accidentally cause adverse reactions, especially drug eruption. This delayed hypersensitivity reaction in the skin sometimes causes a life-threatening adverse reaction, namely Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis. Therefore, how to identify these clinical courses in early time points is a critical issue. To improve this problem, various biomarkers have been found for these severe cutaneous adverse reactions through recent research. Granulysin, Fas ligands, perforin, and granzyme B are recognized as useful biomarkers to evaluate the early onset of Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis, and other biomarkers, such as miRNAs, high mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1), and S100A2, which are also helpful to identify the severe cutaneous adverse reactions. Because these tools have been currently well developed, updates of the knowledge in this field are necessary for clinicians. In this review, we focused on the detailed biomarkers and diagnostic tools for drug eruption and we also discussed the actual usefulness of these biomarkers in the clinical aspects based on the pathogenesis of drug eruption.
Bibliography:ObjectType-Article-2
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ISSN:1422-0067
1661-6596
1422-0067
DOI:10.3390/ijms22147527