Boosting the Electrocatalytic CO2 Reduction Reaction by Nanostructured Metal Materials via Defects Engineering

Electrocatalytic CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) is one of the most effective methods to convert CO2 into useful fuels. Introducing defects into metal nanostructures can effectively improve the catalytic activity and selectivity towards CO2RR. This review provides the recent progress on the use of me...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Published inNanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland) Vol. 12; no. 14; p. 2389
Main Authors Zhao, Shuangyang, Liu, Aihua, Li, Yonghe, Wen, Yanyan, Gao, Xiaoqian, Chen, Qiaoli
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Basel MDPI AG 13.07.2022
MDPI
Subjects
Carbon
Carbon dioxide
Catalytic activity
Chemical reduction
Chemical synthesis
Climate change
CO2 reduction reaction
Defects
electrocatalytic
Electrochemistry
Electron microscopy
Grain boundaries
metal
Metals
Microscopy
Nanocrystals
Nanomaterials
Nanotechnology
Point defects
Review
Selectivity
Symmetry
Online AccessGet full text

Cover

Abstract Electrocatalytic CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) is one of the most effective methods to convert CO2 into useful fuels. Introducing defects into metal nanostructures can effectively improve the catalytic activity and selectivity towards CO2RR. This review provides the recent progress on the use of metal nanomaterials with defects towards electrochemical CO2RR and defects engineering methods. Accompanying these ideas, we introduce the structure of defects characterized by electron microscopy techniques as the characterization and analysis of defects are relatively difficult. Subsequently, we present the intrinsic mechanism of how the defects affect CO2RR performance. Finally, to promote a wide and deep study in this field, the perspectives and challenges concerning defects engineering in metal nanomaterials towards CO2RR are put forward.
AbstractList Electrocatalytic CO 2 reduction reaction (CO 2 RR) is one of the most effective methods to convert CO 2 into useful fuels. Introducing defects into metal nanostructures can effectively improve the catalytic activity and selectivity towards CO 2 RR. This review provides the recent progress on the use of metal nanomaterials with defects towards electrochemical CO 2 RR and defects engineering methods. Accompanying these ideas, we introduce the structure of defects characterized by electron microscopy techniques as the characterization and analysis of defects are relatively difficult. Subsequently, we present the intrinsic mechanism of how the defects affect CO 2 RR performance. Finally, to promote a wide and deep study in this field, the perspectives and challenges concerning defects engineering in metal nanomaterials towards CO 2 RR are put forward.
Electrocatalytic CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) is one of the most effective methods to convert CO2 into useful fuels. Introducing defects into metal nanostructures can effectively improve the catalytic activity and selectivity towards CO2RR. This review provides the recent progress on the use of metal nanomaterials with defects towards electrochemical CO2RR and defects engineering methods. Accompanying these ideas, we introduce the structure of defects characterized by electron microscopy techniques as the characterization and analysis of defects are relatively difficult. Subsequently, we present the intrinsic mechanism of how the defects affect CO2RR performance. Finally, to promote a wide and deep study in this field, the perspectives and challenges concerning defects engineering in metal nanomaterials towards CO2RR are put forward.
Author Liu, Aihua
Wen, Yanyan
Li, Yonghe
Chen, Qiaoli
Zhao, Shuangyang
Gao, Xiaoqian
AuthorAffiliation State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry Synthesis Technology, College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China; zshuangyang@outlook.com (S.Z.); aihualiu@zjut.edu.cn (A.L.); yongheli@zjut.edu.cn (Y.L.); 2112101442@zjut.edu.cn (Y.W.); 2111901044@zjut.edu.cn (X.G.)
AuthorAffiliation_xml – name: State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry Synthesis Technology, College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China; zshuangyang@outlook.com (S.Z.); aihualiu@zjut.edu.cn (A.L.); yongheli@zjut.edu.cn (Y.L.); 2112101442@zjut.edu.cn (Y.W.); 2111901044@zjut.edu.cn (X.G.)
Author_xml – sequence: 1
  givenname: Shuangyang
  surname: Zhao
  fullname: Zhao, Shuangyang
– sequence: 2
  givenname: Aihua
  surname: Liu
  fullname: Liu, Aihua
– sequence: 3
  givenname: Yonghe
  surname: Li
  fullname: Li, Yonghe
– sequence: 4
  givenname: Yanyan
  surname: Wen
  fullname: Wen, Yanyan
– sequence: 5
  givenname: Xiaoqian
  surname: Gao
  fullname: Gao, Xiaoqian
– sequence: 6
  givenname: Qiaoli
  surname: Chen
  fullname: Chen, Qiaoli
BookMark eNpdkk9v1DAQxSNUREvpjQ8QiQsHFvw3di5IdFmgUkslBGdr7ExSr7J2sZ1K--1x2Qq1-OKnec-_sa152RyFGLBpXlPynvOefAgQImVUMK77Z80JI6pfib6nR4_0cXOW85bU1VOuJX_RHHOpdd9RedKE8xhz8WFqyw22mxldSdFBgXlfvGvX16z9gcPiio-hKjgIu2-_1865pOosCYf2CuuR9goKJg9zbu88tJ9xrLjcbsLkA1YjTK-a52O18exhP21-fdn8XH9bXV5_vVh_ulw5IWVZdVRZyzhHzhkXMDqUlA2WjJ1VIzig1FIckFLNlLAjH6TSboReEwkgleKnzcWBO0TYmtvkd5D2JoI3fwsxTQZSfeCMRlHshBwF6E4KaR0MaAlSUlty1qmhsj4eWLeL3eHgMJQE8xPoUyf4GzPFO9NzJgjVFfD2AZDi7wVzMTufHc4zBIxLNqzrJdNKdqJG3_wX3cYlhfpV9ylBhGCE1tS7Q8qlmHPC8d9lKDH3c2EezwX_Aw2arPQ
CitedBy_id crossref_primary_10_1007_s11426_024_2080_8
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jelechem_2023_117453
crossref_primary_10_1021_acscatal_3c03113
crossref_primary_10_1002_aenm_202300628
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jcou_2023_102619
crossref_primary_10_1021_acs_iecr_2c03952
crossref_primary_10_1039_D4NJ00948G
crossref_primary_10_3390_nano13040778
crossref_primary_10_3390_nano12162758
crossref_primary_10_1007_s12274_023_6375_6
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_esci_2022_09_002
Cites_doi 10.1021/ja309317u
10.1038/nature16542
10.1002/adma.201606459
10.1038/s41565-019-0603-y
10.1016/j.nanoen.2015.11.010
10.1002/smtd.201800406
10.1021/acs.nanolett.6b00233
10.1016/j.mattod.2019.05.021
10.1002/adma.202100910
10.1002/adma.201504766
10.1038/s41467-020-16847-9
10.1021/ja5130513
10.1002/adma.201907879
10.1016/j.nantod.2017.06.011
10.1002/anie.202014341
10.1039/C7CC04140C
10.1002/adma.201805405
10.1126/sciadv.aay3111
10.1126/science.1140484
10.1002/adma.201701331
10.1039/c4nr00299g
10.1021/ja413209q
10.1002/cnma.201700327
10.1016/j.mattod.2018.04.003
10.1007/s12274-019-2509-2
10.1002/ente.201600747
10.1002/anie.202102606
10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2005.11.123
10.1039/C8QI00042E
10.1021/nl403770g
10.1002/anie.201610432
10.1016/j.nanoen.2018.09.053
10.1038/nmat2083
10.1002/cssc.201300346
10.1021/acs.jpcc.1c10156
10.1039/C9EE00018F
10.1039/D0CS00025F
10.1016/j.nantod.2018.05.001
10.1016/j.nantod.2019.100833
10.1021/ja404371k
10.1021/jacs.0c11450
10.1002/anie.202104747
10.1021/jacs.0c05408
10.1038/s41586-018-0298-5
10.1002/anie.201612617
10.1021/acs.nanolett.6b01825
10.1021/acs.nanolett.6b02317
10.1016/j.apcatb.2019.118369
10.1016/j.chempr.2019.02.008
10.1039/C6TA10733H
10.1016/j.jcis.2021.12.075
10.1021/acs.jpclett.7b01335
10.1021/acsaem.1c01062
10.1002/smtd.201800331
10.1016/j.isci.2021.103456
10.1021/jacs.0c06420
10.1021/acs.accounts.9b00262
10.1038/s41467-020-17499-5
10.1021/acscatal.6b02089
10.1002/aenm.202102447
10.1039/C9TA11140A
10.1126/sciadv.abd6647
10.1038/ncomms4991
10.1021/nl502259w
10.1021/acscatal.7b00707
10.1021/acscatal.5b00840
10.1021/jacs.5b00046
10.1021/acsami.0c23036
10.1038/s41929-019-0306-7
10.1021/acscatal.8b05109
10.1021/acs.chemmater.8b03984
10.1002/cey2.27
10.1021/acsnano.5b03065
10.1039/D1SC05743J
10.1063/1.1991989
10.1038/ncomms8684
10.1002/anie.202014718
10.1002/adfm.202006738
10.1002/smm2.1082
10.1039/C6CS00571C
10.1021/acs.nanolett.7b05217
10.1021/acsenergylett.8b01286
10.1038/s41557-018-0092-x
10.1038/nature13249
10.1016/j.chempr.2020.07.026
10.1021/cs500522g
ContentType Journal Article
Copyright 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.
2022 by the authors. 2022
Copyright_xml – notice: 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.
– notice: 2022 by the authors. 2022
DBID AAYXX
CITATION
7QF
7QO
7QQ
7SC
7SE
7SP
7SR
7TA
7TB
7U5
8BQ
8FD
8FE
8FG
8FH
ABJCF
ABUWG
AFKRA
AZQEC
BBNVY
BENPR
BGLVJ
BHPHI
CCPQU
D1I
DWQXO
F28
FR3
GNUQQ
H8D
H8G
HCIFZ
JG9
JQ2
KB.
KR7
L7M
LK8
L~C
L~D
M7P
P64
PDBOC
PIMPY
PQEST
PQQKQ
PQUKI
7X8
5PM
DOA
DOI 10.3390/nano12142389
DatabaseName CrossRef
Aluminium Industry Abstracts
Biotechnology Research Abstracts
Ceramic Abstracts
Computer and Information Systems Abstracts
Corrosion Abstracts
Electronics & Communications Abstracts
Engineered Materials Abstracts
Materials Business File
Mechanical & Transportation Engineering Abstracts
Solid State and Superconductivity Abstracts
METADEX
Technology Research Database
ProQuest SciTech Collection
ProQuest Technology Collection
ProQuest Natural Science Collection
Materials Science & Engineering Collection
ProQuest Central (Alumni)
ProQuest Central
ProQuest Central Essentials
Biological Science Collection
ProQuest Central
Technology Collection
Natural Science Collection
ProQuest One Community College
ProQuest Materials Science Collection
ProQuest Central
ANTE: Abstracts in New Technology & Engineering
Engineering Research Database
ProQuest Central Student
Aerospace Database
Copper Technical Reference Library
SciTech Premium Collection (Proquest) (PQ_SDU_P3)
Materials Research Database
ProQuest Computer Science Collection
Materials Science Database
Civil Engineering Abstracts
Advanced Technologies Database with Aerospace
Biological Sciences
Computer and Information Systems Abstracts – Academic
Computer and Information Systems Abstracts Professional
Biological Science Database
Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts
Materials Science Collection
Publicly Available Content Database
ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)
ProQuest One Academic
ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition
MEDLINE - Academic
PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)
Directory of Open Access Journals
DatabaseTitle CrossRef
Publicly Available Content Database
Materials Research Database
ProQuest Central Student
Technology Collection
Technology Research Database
Computer and Information Systems Abstracts – Academic
Mechanical & Transportation Engineering Abstracts
ProQuest Central Essentials
Materials Science Collection
ProQuest Computer Science Collection
Computer and Information Systems Abstracts
ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)
SciTech Premium Collection
ProQuest One Community College
ProQuest Natural Science Collection
Materials Business File
ProQuest Central
Aerospace Database
Copper Technical Reference Library
Engineered Materials Abstracts
Biotechnology Research Abstracts
Natural Science Collection
ProQuest Central Korea
Biological Science Collection
Materials Science Database
Advanced Technologies Database with Aerospace
ANTE: Abstracts in New Technology & Engineering
ProQuest Materials Science Collection
Civil Engineering Abstracts
Aluminium Industry Abstracts
ProQuest Biological Science Collection
ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition
Electronics & Communications Abstracts
ProQuest Technology Collection
Ceramic Abstracts
Biological Science Database
ProQuest SciTech Collection
METADEX
Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts
Computer and Information Systems Abstracts Professional
ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition
Materials Science & Engineering Collection
Solid State and Superconductivity Abstracts
Engineering Research Database
ProQuest One Academic
Corrosion Abstracts
MEDLINE - Academic
DatabaseTitleList

Publicly Available Content Database
CrossRef
Database_xml – sequence: 1
  dbid: DOA
  name: Directory of Open Access Journals
  url: https://www.doaj.org/
  sourceTypes: Open Website
– sequence: 2
  dbid: 8FG
  name: ProQuest Technology Collection
  url: https://search.proquest.com/technologycollection1
  sourceTypes: Aggregation Database
DeliveryMethod fulltext_linktorsrc
Discipline Engineering
EISSN 2079-4991
ExternalDocumentID oai_doaj_org_article_71e645f4a86545bcadeb0e10e513267d
10_3390_nano12142389
GrantInformation_xml – fundername: National Natural Science Foundation of China
  grantid: 21905247
GroupedDBID 53G
5VS
8FE
8FG
8FH
AADQD
AAFWJ
AAHBH
AAYXX
ABJCF
ADBBV
AENEX
AFKRA
AFPKN
AFZYC
ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS
AOIJS
BBNVY
BCNDV
BENPR
BGLVJ
BHPHI
CCPQU
CITATION
D1I
GROUPED_DOAJ
HCIFZ
HYE
I-F
IAO
ITC
KB.
KQ8
LK8
M7P
MODMG
M~E
OK1
PDBOC
PGMZT
PIMPY
PROAC
RIG
RPM
7QF
7QO
7QQ
7SC
7SE
7SP
7SR
7TA
7TB
7U5
8BQ
8FD
ABUWG
AZQEC
DWQXO
F28
FR3
GNUQQ
H8D
H8G
JG9
JQ2
KR7
L7M
L~C
L~D
P64
PQEST
PQQKQ
PQUKI
7X8
5PM
ID FETCH-LOGICAL-c455t-617bb233e33234afce512db0f6b7faca11b1ede118274bf3d578cfa9805aa5773
IEDL.DBID RPM
ISSN 2079-4991
IngestDate Tue Oct 22 15:15:45 EDT 2024
Tue Sep 17 21:24:22 EDT 2024
Fri Oct 25 23:22:23 EDT 2024
Tue Nov 05 11:47:44 EST 2024
Thu Sep 26 20:58:12 EDT 2024
IsDoiOpenAccess true
IsOpenAccess true
IsPeerReviewed true
IsScholarly true
Issue 14
Language English
License Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
LinkModel DirectLink
MergedId FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-c455t-617bb233e33234afce512db0f6b7faca11b1ede118274bf3d578cfa9805aa5773
Notes ObjectType-Article-2
SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1
ObjectType-Feature-3
content type line 23
ObjectType-Review-1
These authors contributed equally to this work.
ORCID 0000-0003-0183-8350
OpenAccessLink https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9324018/
PMID 35889615
PQID 2694044201
PQPubID 2032354
ParticipantIDs doaj_primary_oai_doaj_org_article_71e645f4a86545bcadeb0e10e513267d
pubmedcentral_primary_oai_pubmedcentral_nih_gov_9324018
proquest_miscellaneous_2695287564
proquest_journals_2694044201
crossref_primary_10_3390_nano12142389
PublicationCentury 2000
PublicationDate 20220713
PublicationDateYYYYMMDD 2022-07-13
PublicationDate_xml – month: 7
  year: 2022
  text: 20220713
  day: 13
PublicationDecade 2020
PublicationPlace Basel
PublicationPlace_xml – name: Basel
PublicationTitle Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland)
PublicationYear 2022
Publisher MDPI AG
MDPI
Publisher_xml – name: MDPI AG
– name: MDPI
References Zhang (ref_23) 2018; 53
Shao (ref_38) 2020; 31
Li (ref_5) 2016; 6
Li (ref_30) 2017; 46
Wang (ref_10) 2020; 15
Wang (ref_70) 2019; 7
Ross (ref_14) 2019; 2
Choi (ref_45) 2019; 31
Jiang (ref_33) 2018; 559
Tian (ref_75) 2007; 316
Wang (ref_50) 2016; 16
Lyu (ref_85) 2021; 143
Kan (ref_11) 2022; 126
Li (ref_36) 2020; 11
Zhang (ref_60) 2021; 143
Zhou (ref_39) 2019; 22
Jia (ref_79) 2014; 136
Kotakoski (ref_32) 2014; 5
Fan (ref_71) 2021; 33
Zhu (ref_35) 2021; 24
Fan (ref_51) 2015; 6
Nguyen (ref_59) 2019; 2
Lee (ref_80) 2015; 9
Wu (ref_63) 2021; 14
Li (ref_65) 2014; 508
Yu (ref_48) 2016; 16
Gao (ref_43) 2006; 289
Li (ref_24) 2020; 32
Shao (ref_15) 2019; 52
Sarkar (ref_16) 2018; 5
Zhu (ref_31) 2018; 3
Zhou (ref_72) 2018; 10
Johnson (ref_46) 2008; 7
Tang (ref_42) 2014; 6
Lin (ref_76) 2013; 135
Koh (ref_55) 2017; 7
Yang (ref_87) 2017; 56
Wang (ref_40) 2017; 15
Yao (ref_82) 2021; 60
Chatterjee (ref_47) 2018; 18
Zhang (ref_78) 2013; 6
Goyal (ref_88) 2022; 13
Yan (ref_26) 2018; 3
Lupini (ref_34) 2005; 87
Jia (ref_28) 2019; 5
Zhao (ref_22) 2019; 11
Krishnamurthy (ref_4) 2017; 5
Gallo (ref_7) 2020; 267
Zhang (ref_25) 2018; 3
Li (ref_73) 2021; 60
Zhu (ref_6) 2016; 28
Zhang (ref_74) 2019; 12
Yan (ref_27) 2017; 29
Hu (ref_68) 2020; 6
Shi (ref_19) 2020; 11
Wang (ref_64) 2022; 611
Zhang (ref_61) 2020; 142
Luo (ref_69) 2019; 9
Zhang (ref_20) 2021; 60
Huo (ref_57) 2021; 11
Zhang (ref_53) 2016; 16
Li (ref_8) 2016; 19
Roy (ref_49) 2014; 14
Feng (ref_83) 2015; 137
Chen (ref_52) 2017; 29
Sen (ref_86) 2014; 4
Seneviratne (ref_1) 2016; 529
Wang (ref_58) 2021; 60
Dong (ref_67) 2017; 5
Song (ref_44) 2019; 31
Xie (ref_77) 2013; 13
Xie (ref_29) 2019; 31
Gao (ref_21) 2015; 137
Li (ref_13) 2021; 4
Li (ref_9) 2019; 12
Lee (ref_41) 2018; 4
Xie (ref_17) 2018; 21
Cheng (ref_66) 2017; 8
Gao (ref_3) 2020; 49
Zhang (ref_54) 2017; 53
Huang (ref_84) 2017; 56
Cai (ref_12) 2021; 13
Chen (ref_18) 2012; 134
Zhang (ref_37) 2021; 7
Fan (ref_2) 2020; 6
Rosen (ref_56) 2015; 5
Jiao (ref_62) 2020; 31
Han (ref_81) 2022; 3
References_xml – volume: 134
  start-page: 19969
  year: 2012
  ident: ref_18
  article-title: Aqueous CO2 reduction at very low overpotential on oxide–derived Au nanoparticles
  publication-title: J. Am. Chem. Soc.
  doi: 10.1021/ja309317u
  contributor:
    fullname: Chen
– volume: 529
  start-page: 477
  year: 2016
  ident: ref_1
  article-title: Allowable CO2 emissions based on regional and impact−related climate targets
  publication-title: Nature
  doi: 10.1038/nature16542
  contributor:
    fullname: Seneviratne
– volume: 29
  start-page: 1606459
  year: 2017
  ident: ref_27
  article-title: Defect Chemistry of Nonprecious−Metal Electrocatalysts for Oxygen Reactions
  publication-title: Adv. Mater.
  doi: 10.1002/adma.201606459
  contributor:
    fullname: Yan
– volume: 15
  start-page: 131
  year: 2020
  ident: ref_10
  article-title: Synergistic enhancement of electrocatalytic CO2 reduction to C2 oxygenates at nitrogen−doped nanodiamonds/Cu interface
  publication-title: Nat. Nanotechnol.
  doi: 10.1038/s41565-019-0603-y
  contributor:
    fullname: Wang
– volume: 19
  start-page: 145
  year: 2016
  ident: ref_8
  article-title: Mesostructured CeO2/g−C3N4 nanocomposites: Remarkably enhanced photocatalytic activity for CO2 reduction by mutual component activations
  publication-title: Nano Energy
  doi: 10.1016/j.nanoen.2015.11.010
  contributor:
    fullname: Li
– volume: 3
  start-page: 1800406
  year: 2018
  ident: ref_25
  article-title: Defect–Based Single–Atom Electrocatalysts
  publication-title: Small Methods
  doi: 10.1002/smtd.201800406
  contributor:
    fullname: Zhang
– volume: 16
  start-page: 3078
  year: 2016
  ident: ref_48
  article-title: Atomic Structure of Ultrathin Gold Nanowires
  publication-title: Nano Lett.
  doi: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.6b00233
  contributor:
    fullname: Yu
– volume: 31
  start-page: 47
  year: 2019
  ident: ref_29
  article-title: Insight into the design of defect electrocatalysts: From electronic structure to adsorption energy
  publication-title: Mater. Today
  doi: 10.1016/j.mattod.2019.05.021
  contributor:
    fullname: Xie
– volume: 33
  start-page: e2100910
  year: 2021
  ident: ref_71
  article-title: Large–Area Vertically Aligned Bismuthene Nanosheet Arrays from Galvanic Replacement Reaction for Efficient Electrochemical CO2 Conversion
  publication-title: Adv. Mater.
  doi: 10.1002/adma.202100910
  contributor:
    fullname: Fan
– volume: 28
  start-page: 3423
  year: 2016
  ident: ref_6
  article-title: Recent Advances in Inorganic Heterogeneous Electrocatalysts for Reduction of Carbon Dioxide
  publication-title: Adv. Mater.
  doi: 10.1002/adma.201504766
  contributor:
    fullname: Zhu
– volume: 11
  start-page: 3028
  year: 2020
  ident: ref_19
  article-title: Efficient wettability–controlled electroreduction of CO2 to CO at Au/C interfaces
  publication-title: Nat. Commun.
  doi: 10.1038/s41467-020-16847-9
  contributor:
    fullname: Shi
– volume: 137
  start-page: 4606
  year: 2015
  ident: ref_83
  article-title: Grain–boundary–dependent CO2 electroreduction activity
  publication-title: J. Am. Chem. Soc.
  doi: 10.1021/ja5130513
  contributor:
    fullname: Feng
– volume: 32
  start-page: e1907879
  year: 2020
  ident: ref_24
  article-title: Defect Engineering for Fuel–Cell Electrocatalysts
  publication-title: Adv. Mater.
  doi: 10.1002/adma.201907879
  contributor:
    fullname: Li
– volume: 15
  start-page: 121
  year: 2017
  ident: ref_40
  article-title: Icosahedral nanocrystals of noble metals: Synthesis and applications
  publication-title: Nano Today
  doi: 10.1016/j.nantod.2017.06.011
  contributor:
    fullname: Wang
– volume: 60
  start-page: 7681
  year: 2021
  ident: ref_58
  article-title: BiPO4–Derived 2D Nanosheets for Efficient Electrocatalytic Reduction of CO2 to Liquid Fuel
  publication-title: Angew. Chem. Int. Ed.
  doi: 10.1002/anie.202014341
  contributor:
    fullname: Wang
– volume: 53
  start-page: 8085
  year: 2017
  ident: ref_54
  article-title: Cu overlayers on tetrahexahedral Pd nanocrystals with high–index facets for CO2 electroreduction to alcohols
  publication-title: Chem. Commun.
  doi: 10.1039/C7CC04140C
  contributor:
    fullname: Zhang
– volume: 31
  start-page: e1805405
  year: 2019
  ident: ref_45
  article-title: A Highly Active Star Decahedron Cu Nanocatalyst for Hydrocarbon Production at Low Overpotentials
  publication-title: Adv. Mater.
  doi: 10.1002/adma.201805405
  contributor:
    fullname: Choi
– volume: 6
  start-page: eaay3111
  year: 2020
  ident: ref_2
  article-title: Strategies in catalysts and electrolyzer design for electrochemical CO2 reduction toward C2+ products
  publication-title: Sci. Adv.
  doi: 10.1126/sciadv.aay3111
  contributor:
    fullname: Fan
– volume: 316
  start-page: 732
  year: 2007
  ident: ref_75
  article-title: Synthesis of tetrahexahedral platinum nanocrystals with high–index facets and high electro–oxidation activity
  publication-title: Science
  doi: 10.1126/science.1140484
  contributor:
    fullname: Tian
– volume: 29
  start-page: 1701331
  year: 2017
  ident: ref_52
  article-title: High–Yield Synthesis of Crystal-Phase–Heterostructured 4H/fcc Au@Pd Core–Shell Nanorods for Electrocatalytic Ethanol Oxidation
  publication-title: Adv. Mater.
  doi: 10.1002/adma.201701331
  contributor:
    fullname: Chen
– volume: 6
  start-page: 5630
  year: 2014
  ident: ref_42
  article-title: Length tunable penta–twinned palladium nanorods: Seedless synthesis and electrooxidation of formic acid
  publication-title: Nanoscale
  doi: 10.1039/c4nr00299g
  contributor:
    fullname: Tang
– volume: 136
  start-page: 3748
  year: 2014
  ident: ref_79
  article-title: Unique excavated rhombic dodecahedral PtCu3 alloy nanocrystals constructed with ultrathin nanosheets of high–energy {110} facets
  publication-title: J. Am. Chem. Soc.
  doi: 10.1021/ja413209q
  contributor:
    fullname: Jia
– volume: 4
  start-page: 66
  year: 2018
  ident: ref_41
  article-title: Rhodium Decahedral Nanocrystals: Facile Synthesis, Mechanistic Insights, and Experimental Controls
  publication-title: ChemNanoMat
  doi: 10.1002/cnma.201700327
  contributor:
    fullname: Lee
– volume: 22
  start-page: 108
  year: 2019
  ident: ref_39
  article-title: Decahedral nanocrystals of noble metals: Synthesis, characterization, and applications
  publication-title: Mater. Today
  doi: 10.1016/j.mattod.2018.04.003
  contributor:
    fullname: Zhou
– volume: 12
  start-page: 2749
  year: 2019
  ident: ref_9
  article-title: Enhanced CH4 selectivity in CO2 photocatalytic reduction over carbon quantum dots decorated and oxygen doping g–C3N4
  publication-title: Nano Res.
  doi: 10.1007/s12274-019-2509-2
  contributor:
    fullname: Li
– volume: 5
  start-page: 834
  year: 2017
  ident: ref_4
  article-title: Carbon Capture and Utilization Update
  publication-title: Energy Technol.
  doi: 10.1002/ente.201600747
  contributor:
    fullname: Krishnamurthy
– volume: 60
  start-page: 11487
  year: 2021
  ident: ref_73
  article-title: Residual Chlorine Induced Cationic Active Species on a Porous Copper Electrocatalyst for Highly Stable Electrochemical CO2 Reduction to C2
  publication-title: Angew. Chem. Int. Ed.
  doi: 10.1002/anie.202102606
  contributor:
    fullname: Li
– volume: 289
  start-page: 376
  year: 2006
  ident: ref_43
  article-title: Studies on silver nanodecahedrons synthesized by PVP–assisted N,N–dimethylformamide (DMF) reduction
  publication-title: J. Crys. Growth
  doi: 10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2005.11.123
  contributor:
    fullname: Gao
– volume: 5
  start-page: 2060
  year: 2018
  ident: ref_16
  article-title: An overview on Pd–based electrocatalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction
  publication-title: Inorg. Chem. Front.
  doi: 10.1039/C8QI00042E
  contributor:
    fullname: Sarkar
– volume: 13
  start-page: 6262
  year: 2013
  ident: ref_77
  article-title: Synthesis of rhodium concave tetrahedrons by collectively manipulating the reduction kinetics, facet–selective capping, and surface diffusion
  publication-title: Nano Lett.
  doi: 10.1021/nl403770g
  contributor:
    fullname: Xie
– volume: 56
  start-page: 796
  year: 2017
  ident: ref_87
  article-title: Morphology–Directed Selective Production of Ethylene or Ethane from CO2 on a Cu Mesopore Electrode
  publication-title: Angew. Chem. Int. Ed.
  doi: 10.1002/anie.201610432
  contributor:
    fullname: Yang
– volume: 53
  start-page: 808
  year: 2018
  ident: ref_23
  article-title: Liquid−phase exfoliated ultrathin Bi nanosheets: Uncovering the origins of enhanced electrocatalytic CO2 reduction on two–dimensional metal nanostructure
  publication-title: Nano Energy
  doi: 10.1016/j.nanoen.2018.09.053
  contributor:
    fullname: Zhang
– volume: 7
  start-page: 120
  year: 2008
  ident: ref_46
  article-title: Effects of elastic anisotropy on strain distributions in decahedral gold nanoparticles
  publication-title: Nat. Mater.
  doi: 10.1038/nmat2083
  contributor:
    fullname: Johnson
– volume: 6
  start-page: 1893
  year: 2013
  ident: ref_78
  article-title: Growth of concave polyhedral Pd nanocrystals with 32 facets through in situ facet–selective etching
  publication-title: ChemSusChem
  doi: 10.1002/cssc.201300346
  contributor:
    fullname: Zhang
– volume: 126
  start-page: 1689
  year: 2022
  ident: ref_11
  article-title: System Engineering Enhances Photoelectrochemical CO2 Reduction
  publication-title: J. Phys. Chem. C
  doi: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.1c10156
  contributor:
    fullname: Kan
– volume: 12
  start-page: 1334
  year: 2019
  ident: ref_74
  article-title: Formation of lattice–dislocated bismuth nanowires on copper foam for enhanced electrocatalytic CO2 reduction at low overpotential
  publication-title: Energy Environ. Sci.
  doi: 10.1039/C9EE00018F
  contributor:
    fullname: Zhang
– volume: 49
  start-page: 8584
  year: 2020
  ident: ref_3
  article-title: Industrial carbon dioxide capture and utilization: State of the art and future challenges
  publication-title: Chem. Soc. Rev.
  doi: 10.1039/D0CS00025F
  contributor:
    fullname: Gao
– volume: 21
  start-page: 41
  year: 2018
  ident: ref_17
  article-title: Cu–based nanocatalysts for electrochemical reduction of CO2
  publication-title: Nano Today
  doi: 10.1016/j.nantod.2018.05.001
  contributor:
    fullname: Xie
– volume: 31
  start-page: 100833
  year: 2020
  ident: ref_62
  article-title: Point–defect–optimized electron distribution for enhanced electrocatalysis: Towards the perfection of the imperfections
  publication-title: Nano Today
  doi: 10.1016/j.nantod.2019.100833
  contributor:
    fullname: Jiao
– volume: 135
  start-page: 9311
  year: 2013
  ident: ref_76
  article-title: Supersaturation–dependent surface structure evolution: From ionic, molecular to metallic micro/nanocrystals
  publication-title: J. Am. Chem. Soc.
  doi: 10.1021/ja404371k
  contributor:
    fullname: Lin
– volume: 143
  start-page: 3808
  year: 2021
  ident: ref_60
  article-title: Enhanced Cuprophilic Interactions in Crystalline Catalysts Facilitate the Highly Selective Electroreduction of CO2 to CH4
  publication-title: J. Am. Chem. Soc.
  doi: 10.1021/jacs.0c11450
  contributor:
    fullname: Zhang
– volume: 60
  start-page: 18178
  year: 2021
  ident: ref_82
  article-title: The Controllable Reconstruction of Bi–MOFs for Electrochemical CO2 Reduction through Electrolyte and Potential Mediation
  publication-title: Angew. Chem. Int. Ed.
  doi: 10.1002/anie.202104747
  contributor:
    fullname: Yao
– volume: 143
  start-page: 149
  year: 2021
  ident: ref_85
  article-title: Kinetically Controlled Synthesis of Pd-Cu Janus Nanocrystals with Enriched Surface Structures and Enhanced Catalytic Activities toward CO2 Reduction
  publication-title: J. Am. Chem. Soc.
  doi: 10.1021/jacs.0c05408
  contributor:
    fullname: Lyu
– volume: 559
  start-page: 343
  year: 2018
  ident: ref_33
  article-title: Electron ptychography of 2D materials to deep sub–angstrom resolution
  publication-title: Nature
  doi: 10.1038/s41586-018-0298-5
  contributor:
    fullname: Jiang
– volume: 56
  start-page: 3594
  year: 2017
  ident: ref_84
  article-title: Understanding of Strain Effects in the Electrochemical Reduction of CO2: Using Pd Nanostructures as an Ideal Platform
  publication-title: Angew. Chem. Int. Ed.
  doi: 10.1002/anie.201612617
  contributor:
    fullname: Huang
– volume: 16
  start-page: 5037
  year: 2016
  ident: ref_53
  article-title: Screw Thread–Like Platinum–Copper Nanowires Bounded with High–Index Facets for Efficient Electrocatalysis
  publication-title: Nano Lett.
  doi: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.6b01825
  contributor:
    fullname: Zhang
– volume: 14
  start-page: 38
  year: 2021
  ident: ref_63
  article-title: Regulating the Electron Localization of Metallic Bismuth for Boosting CO2 Electroreduction
  publication-title: Nanomicro Lett.
  contributor:
    fullname: Wu
– volume: 16
  start-page: 5669
  year: 2016
  ident: ref_50
  article-title: Creation of Controllable High–Density Defects in Silver Nanowires for Enhanced Catalytic Property
  publication-title: Nano Lett.
  doi: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.6b02317
  contributor:
    fullname: Wang
– volume: 11
  start-page: 1
  year: 2019
  ident: ref_22
  article-title: Advances in Sn–Based Catalysts for Electrochemical CO2 Reduction
  publication-title: Nanomicro. Lett.
  contributor:
    fullname: Zhao
– volume: 267
  start-page: 118369
  year: 2020
  ident: ref_7
  article-title: Ni5Ga3 catalysts for CO2 reduction to methanol: Exploring the role of Ga surface oxidation/reduction on catalytic activity
  publication-title: Appl. Catal. B–Environ.
  doi: 10.1016/j.apcatb.2019.118369
  contributor:
    fullname: Gallo
– volume: 5
  start-page: 1371
  year: 2019
  ident: ref_28
  article-title: The Role of Defect Sites in Nanomaterials for Electrocatalytic Energy Conversion
  publication-title: Chem
  doi: 10.1016/j.chempr.2019.02.008
  contributor:
    fullname: Jia
– volume: 5
  start-page: 7184
  year: 2017
  ident: ref_67
  article-title: Tuning the selectivity and activity of Au catalysts for carbon dioxide electroreduction via grain boundary engineering: A DFT study
  publication-title: J. Mater. Chem. A
  doi: 10.1039/C6TA10733H
  contributor:
    fullname: Dong
– volume: 611
  start-page: 246
  year: 2022
  ident: ref_64
  article-title: Lattice-dislocated Bi nanosheets for electrocatalytic reduction of carbon dioxide to formate over a wide potential window
  publication-title: J. Colloid Interf. Sci.
  doi: 10.1016/j.jcis.2021.12.075
  contributor:
    fullname: Wang
– volume: 8
  start-page: 3317
  year: 2017
  ident: ref_66
  article-title: Predicted Structures of the Active Sites Responsible for the Improved Reduction of Carbon Dioxide by Gold Nanoparticles
  publication-title: J. Phys. Chem. Lett.
  doi: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.7b01335
  contributor:
    fullname: Cheng
– volume: 4
  start-page: 7702
  year: 2021
  ident: ref_13
  article-title: Photothermal Catalysis for Selective CO2 Reduction on the Modified Anatase TiO2 (101) Surface
  publication-title: ACS Appl. Energy Mater.
  doi: 10.1021/acsaem.1c01062
  contributor:
    fullname: Li
– volume: 3
  start-page: 1800331
  year: 2018
  ident: ref_26
  article-title: Defect Engineering Strategies for Nitrogen Reduction Reactions under Ambient Conditions
  publication-title: Small Methods
  doi: 10.1002/smtd.201800331
  contributor:
    fullname: Yan
– volume: 24
  start-page: 103456
  year: 2021
  ident: ref_35
  article-title: Anisotropic point defects in rhenium diselenide monolayers
  publication-title: iScience
  doi: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.103456
  contributor:
    fullname: Zhu
– volume: 142
  start-page: 13606
  year: 2020
  ident: ref_61
  article-title: Highly Electrocatalytic Ethylene Production from CO2 on Nanodefective Cu Nanosheets
  publication-title: J. Am. Chem. Soc.
  doi: 10.1021/jacs.0c06420
  contributor:
    fullname: Zhang
– volume: 52
  start-page: 3384
  year: 2019
  ident: ref_15
  article-title: Low Dimensional Platinum–Based Bimetallic Nanostructures for Advanced Catalysis
  publication-title: Acc. Chem. Res.
  doi: 10.1021/acs.accounts.9b00262
  contributor:
    fullname: Shao
– volume: 11
  start-page: 3685
  year: 2020
  ident: ref_36
  article-title: Enhanced multi–carbon alcohol electroproduction from CO via modulated hydrogen adsorption
  publication-title: Nat. Commun.
  doi: 10.1038/s41467-020-17499-5
  contributor:
    fullname: Li
– volume: 6
  start-page: 7485
  year: 2016
  ident: ref_5
  article-title: Recent Advances in Heterogeneous Photocatalytic CO2 Conversion to Solar Fuels
  publication-title: ACS Catal.
  doi: 10.1021/acscatal.6b02089
  contributor:
    fullname: Li
– volume: 11
  start-page: 2102447
  year: 2021
  ident: ref_57
  article-title: Cu–MOFs Derived Porous Cu Nanoribbons with Strengthened Electric Field for Selective CO2 Electroreduction to C2+ Fuels
  publication-title: Adv. Energy Mater.
  doi: 10.1002/aenm.202102447
  contributor:
    fullname: Huo
– volume: 7
  start-page: 27514
  year: 2019
  ident: ref_70
  article-title: Heterostructured intermetallic CuSn catalysts: High performance towards the electrochemical reduction of CO2 to formate
  publication-title: J. Mater. Chem. A
  doi: 10.1039/C9TA11140A
  contributor:
    fullname: Wang
– volume: 7
  start-page: eabd6647
  year: 2021
  ident: ref_37
  article-title: Evoking ordered vacancies in metallic nanostructures toward a vacated Barlow packing for high–performance hydrogen evolution
  publication-title: Sci. Adv.
  doi: 10.1126/sciadv.abd6647
  contributor:
    fullname: Zhang
– volume: 5
  start-page: 3991
  year: 2014
  ident: ref_32
  article-title: Imaging atomic-level random walk of a point defect in graphene
  publication-title: Nat. Commun.
  doi: 10.1038/ncomms4991
  contributor:
    fullname: Kotakoski
– volume: 14
  start-page: 4859
  year: 2014
  ident: ref_49
  article-title: Wrinkling of atomic planes in ultrathin Au nanowires
  publication-title: Nano Lett.
  doi: 10.1021/nl502259w
  contributor:
    fullname: Roy
– volume: 7
  start-page: 5071
  year: 2017
  ident: ref_55
  article-title: Facile CO2 Electro-Reduction to Formate via Oxygen Bidentate Intermediate Stabilized by High–Index Planes of Bi Dendrite Catalyst
  publication-title: ACS Catal.
  doi: 10.1021/acscatal.7b00707
  contributor:
    fullname: Koh
– volume: 5
  start-page: 4293
  year: 2015
  ident: ref_56
  article-title: Mechanistic Insights into the Electrochemical Reduction of CO2 to CO on Nanostructured Ag Surfaces
  publication-title: ACS Catal.
  doi: 10.1021/acscatal.5b00840
  contributor:
    fullname: Rosen
– volume: 137
  start-page: 4288
  year: 2015
  ident: ref_21
  article-title: Size–dependent electrocatalytic reduction of CO2 over Pd nanoparticles
  publication-title: J. Am. Chem. Soc.
  doi: 10.1021/jacs.5b00046
  contributor:
    fullname: Gao
– volume: 13
  start-page: 14221
  year: 2021
  ident: ref_12
  article-title: Enhanced Photocatalytic CO2 Reduction with Photothermal Effect by Cooperative Effect of Oxygen Vacancy and Au Cocatalyst
  publication-title: ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces
  doi: 10.1021/acsami.0c23036
  contributor:
    fullname: Cai
– volume: 2
  start-page: 648
  year: 2019
  ident: ref_14
  article-title: Designing materials for electrochemical carbon dioxide recycling
  publication-title: Nat. Catal.
  doi: 10.1038/s41929-019-0306-7
  contributor:
    fullname: Ross
– volume: 9
  start-page: 3783
  year: 2019
  ident: ref_69
  article-title: Boosting CO Production in Electrocatalytic CO2 Reduction on Highly Porous Zn Catalysts
  publication-title: ACS Catal.
  doi: 10.1021/acscatal.8b05109
  contributor:
    fullname: Luo
– volume: 31
  start-page: 842
  year: 2019
  ident: ref_44
  article-title: Strain Relaxation-Induced Twin Interface Migration and Morphology Evolution of Silver Nanoparticles
  publication-title: Chem. Mater.
  doi: 10.1021/acs.chemmater.8b03984
  contributor:
    fullname: Song
– volume: 2
  start-page: 72
  year: 2019
  ident: ref_59
  article-title: Progress in development of electrocatalyst for CO2 conversion to selective CO production
  publication-title: Carbon Energy
  doi: 10.1002/cey2.27
  contributor:
    fullname: Nguyen
– volume: 9
  start-page: 8384
  year: 2015
  ident: ref_80
  article-title: Concave Rhombic Dodecahedral Au Nanocatalyst with Multiple High–Index Facets for CO2 Reduction
  publication-title: ACS Nano
  doi: 10.1021/acsnano.5b03065
  contributor:
    fullname: Lee
– volume: 13
  start-page: 3288
  year: 2022
  ident: ref_88
  article-title: Effect of pore diameter and length on electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction at nanoporous gold catalysts
  publication-title: Chem. Sci.
  doi: 10.1039/D1SC05743J
  contributor:
    fullname: Goyal
– volume: 87
  start-page: 034104
  year: 2005
  ident: ref_34
  article-title: Three–dimensional imaging of individual hafnium atoms inside a semiconductor device
  publication-title: Appl. Phys. Lett.
  doi: 10.1063/1.1991989
  contributor:
    fullname: Lupini
– volume: 6
  start-page: 7684
  year: 2015
  ident: ref_51
  article-title: Stabilization of 4H hexagonal phase in gold nanoribbons
  publication-title: Nat. Commun.
  doi: 10.1038/ncomms8684
  contributor:
    fullname: Fan
– volume: 60
  start-page: 6170
  year: 2021
  ident: ref_20
  article-title: Silver Single–Atom Catalyst for Efficient Electrochemical CO2 Reduction Synthesized from Thermal Transformation and Surface Reconstruction
  publication-title: Angew. Chem. Int. Ed.
  doi: 10.1002/anie.202014718
  contributor:
    fullname: Zhang
– volume: 31
  start-page: 2006738
  year: 2020
  ident: ref_38
  article-title: Symmetry Breaking in Monometallic Nanocrystals toward Broadband and Direct Electron Transfer Enhanced Plasmonic Photocatalysis
  publication-title: Adv. Funct. Mater.
  doi: 10.1002/adfm.202006738
  contributor:
    fullname: Shao
– volume: 3
  start-page: 142
  year: 2022
  ident: ref_81
  article-title: Copper nanowire with enriched high–index facets for highly selective CO2 reduction
  publication-title: SmartMat
  doi: 10.1002/smm2.1082
  contributor:
    fullname: Han
– volume: 46
  start-page: 1693
  year: 2017
  ident: ref_30
  article-title: Vacancies in functional materials for clean energy storage and harvesting: The perfect imperfection
  publication-title: Chem. Soc. Rev.
  doi: 10.1039/C6CS00571C
  contributor:
    fullname: Li
– volume: 18
  start-page: 1903
  year: 2018
  ident: ref_47
  article-title: Ultrathin Au–Alloy Nanowires at the Liquid–Liquid Interface
  publication-title: Nano Lett.
  doi: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.7b05217
  contributor:
    fullname: Chatterjee
– volume: 3
  start-page: 2144
  year: 2018
  ident: ref_31
  article-title: Formation of Enriched Vacancies for Enhanced CO2 Electrocatalytic Reduction over AuCu Alloys
  publication-title: ACS Energy Lett.
  doi: 10.1021/acsenergylett.8b01286
  contributor:
    fullname: Zhu
– volume: 10
  start-page: 974
  year: 2018
  ident: ref_72
  article-title: Dopant–induced electron localization drives CO2 reduction to C2 hydrocarbons
  publication-title: Nat. Chem.
  doi: 10.1038/s41557-018-0092-x
  contributor:
    fullname: Zhou
– volume: 508
  start-page: 504
  year: 2014
  ident: ref_65
  article-title: Electroreduction of carbon monoxide to liquid fuel on oxide–derived nanocrystalline copper
  publication-title: Nature
  doi: 10.1038/nature13249
  contributor:
    fullname: Li
– volume: 6
  start-page: 3007
  year: 2020
  ident: ref_68
  article-title: Quantifying Electrocatalytic Reduction of CO2 on Twin Boundaries
  publication-title: Chem
  doi: 10.1016/j.chempr.2020.07.026
  contributor:
    fullname: Hu
– volume: 4
  start-page: 3091
  year: 2014
  ident: ref_86
  article-title: Electrochemical Reduction of CO2 at Copper Nanofoams
  publication-title: ACS Catal.
  doi: 10.1021/cs500522g
  contributor:
    fullname: Sen
SSID ssj0000913853
Score 2.3134928
SecondaryResourceType review_article
Snippet Electrocatalytic CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) is one of the most effective methods to convert CO2 into useful fuels. Introducing defects into metal...
Electrocatalytic CO 2 reduction reaction (CO 2 RR) is one of the most effective methods to convert CO 2 into useful fuels. Introducing defects into metal...
SourceID doaj
pubmedcentral
proquest
crossref
SourceType Open Website
Open Access Repository
Aggregation Database
StartPage 2389
SubjectTerms Carbon
Carbon dioxide
Catalytic activity
Chemical reduction
Chemical synthesis
Climate change
CO2 reduction reaction
Defects
electrocatalytic
Electrochemistry
Electron microscopy
Grain boundaries
metal
Metals
Microscopy
Nanocrystals
Nanomaterials
Nanotechnology
Point defects
Review
Selectivity
Symmetry
SummonAdditionalLinks – databaseName: Directory of Open Access Journals
  dbid: DOA
  link: http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwrV1LS8QwEA7iSQ_iE-uLCHosts2jzVFXRYRVEAVvJWkn6KUVXYX9984kq7QnL95Kk9B2JsnM18x8w9iJgay1ptKp9B4BipFl6loDqdcO8VbhrQvR7tM7ffMkb5_V86DUF8WERXrgKLizMgctlZe20mjsHQWNuwzyDBTiKF22YffNzABMhT3Y5AINUYx0F4jrzzrb9Tnxiwmq6D6wQYGqf-RfjqMjB-bmep2tLfxEfh7fb4MtQbfJVgfsgVusu-j7D4pa5ujE8atYzyb8jpnjID65L_gDEbOS6PEqZjBwN-e4o_aRN_bzHVo-BRzCp3YWJyP_erX8EkKYBx88cJs9XV89Tm7SRfmEtJFKzSj5z7lCCBCiENL6BkVWtC5DNZTeNjbPXQ4tEMIopfOixcXbeFRcpqxVZSl22HLXd7DLOFQNHRcaK0BJaLVxFTQevSVdQeYaSNjpj0Drt8iSUSO6IMHXQ8En7IKk_duHuK3DDdR4vdB4_ZfGE3bwo6t6seA-akrIzaREdyZhx7_NuFTo_MN20H-GPgoBotIyYeVIx6MXGrd0ry-BdNsQc2Fe7f3HF-yzlYKyKIifUxywZdQ4HKJvM3NHYRp_Axnb_C4
  priority: 102
  providerName: Directory of Open Access Journals
– databaseName: ProQuest Central
  dbid: BENPR
  link: http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwfV1LT9wwEB7R5UIPFVBQUygyUjlGJLGdxwmxdBFCWopQkbhFdjymXBJgl0r8-84k2W1y6S2KbdmasT0Pz3wD8L3AyJkiT0PlPRkohcpC6woMfWrJ3kq8sW20-_wmvbpX1w_6oXe4LfqwytWd2F7UrqnYR37KGZeRUiSvzp5fQq4axa-rfQmND7CZkKUQTWBzOru5vVt7WRj1kgRSF_Euyb4_rU3dxIwzJrmy-0AWtZD9Iz1zHCU5EDuX2_Cp1xfFecfgHdjAehc-DlAEP0M9bZoFRy8LUubErKtr07pl3mmQuPiZiDsGaGUW0FeXySDsu6CbtenwY99e0Yk50hAxN8tuU4o_T0b8wDbcQwwm3IP7y9mvi6uwL6MQVkrrJScBWptIiVImUhlfIQl5ZyNiR-ZNZeLYxuiQLY1MWS8dHeLKEwMjbYzOMrkPk7qp8QsIzCt-NiyMRK3QpYXNsfKkNaU5RrbCAE5WBC2fO7SMkqwMJnw5JHwAU6b2ug9jXLc_mtfHsj8yZRZjqrRXJk9JzbOcLmAjjCNaPumcmQvgcMWrsj94i_LfNgngeN1MR4bfQUyNzVvbR5OhqFMVQDbi8WhB45b66XcLvl0wgmGcf_3_5AewlXCeBCNwykOYEC_xG2kvS3vUb9G_ohT06A
  priority: 102
  providerName: ProQuest
Title Boosting the Electrocatalytic CO2 Reduction Reaction by Nanostructured Metal Materials via Defects Engineering
URI https://www.proquest.com/docview/2694044201
https://search.proquest.com/docview/2695287564
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC9324018
https://doaj.org/article/71e645f4a86545bcadeb0e10e513267d
Volume 12
hasFullText 1
inHoldings 1
isFullTextHit
isPrint
link http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwnV1Na9wwEB2yKZT0UPpJnaaLCu3RWduSbOvY3e42FDYNoYHcjGSP0oVGDskmkH_fkewN9rU3Y0tY-I00b-SZJ4AvCpNGqzKPhbUUoChRxKZRGNvcULyVWW1Ctvv6ND-5ED8v5eUeyF0tTEjar83m2P29PnabPyG38ua6nu3yxGZn64XyKnJpOZvAhAx0EKKH5VelnHxQl-TOKaSfOe3a1EuLkXM-gOdclqXK_Tm4A08UBPtHLHOcIzlwOqtX8LJni-xbN6rXsIfuDbwYaAi-BTdv2zufu8yIyrFld6pN2JR5pE5s8Stj516e1QNAV10dAzOPjNbVtlOPvb_Fhq2RurC13nYmyR42mn3HkOzBBi98Bxer5e_FSdwfohDXQsqtLwE0JuMcOc-40LZGcvGNSQiMwupap6lJsUEfZxTCWN7QFK4twZdIrWVR8Pew71qHH4BhWfufhkpzlAKbXJkSa0ucKS8xMTVG8HX3QaubTiujohjDY1ANMYhg7r_2UxuvcB1utLdXVY9zVaSYC2mFLnMiecYXC5gE04SGT4yzaCI42mFV9dPurvJluYkQRGoi-Pz0mCaM_wuiHbb3oY2kMFHmIoJihPFoQOMnZIlBeru3vMP_7vkRDjJfQOGlOfkR7BPM-IlozdZMYVKufkzh2Xx5enY-DZsD02Da_wAu-gAc
link.rule.ids 230,315,730,783,787,867,888,2109,12777,21400,27936,27937,33385,33386,33756,33757,43612,43817,53804,53806,74369,74636
linkProvider National Library of Medicine
linkToHtml http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwfV1Lb9QwEB5BOUAPiKdIacFIcIyaxHYeJ9SWLgt0i4RaqbfIjse0l6TtbpH675lxskty4RbFtmzN2J6HZ74B-Fhh4kxV5rHyngyUShWxdRXGPrdkb2Xe2BDtvjjN5-fq-4W-GBxuyyGscn0nhovadQ37yPc54zJRiuTV5-ubmKtG8evqUELjITxSkmQ1Z4rPvm58LIx5SeKoj3eXZN3vt6btUkYZk1zXfSSJAmD_RMucxkiOhM7sGTwdtEVx0LP3OTzA9gVsjzAEX0J72HVLjl0WpMqJ476qTXDK3NMgcfQzE78YnpUZQF99HoOw94Lu1a5Hj727RScWSEPEwqz6LSn-XBnxBUOwhxhN-ArOZ8dnR_N4KKIQN0rrFacAWptJiVJmUhnfIIl4ZxNiRuFNY9LUpuiQ7YxCWS8dHeHGE_sSbYwuCvkattquxTcgsGz40bAyErVCl1e2xMaTzpSXmNgGI_i0Jmh93WNl1GRjMOHrMeEjOGRqb_owwnX40d3-rocDUxcp5kp7ZcqclDzLyQI2wTSh5ZPGWbgIdte8qodjt6z_bZIIPmya6cDwK4hpsbsLfTSZiTpXERQTHk8WNG1pry4D9HbF-IVpufP_yd_D4_nZ4qQ--Xb64y08yThjgrE45S5sEV9xj_SYlX0XNutfOK32cw
linkToPdf http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwfV1Lb9QwEB5BkRAcKp4ipQUjwTHaJLbzOFV9LeWxBSEq9RbZ8Rh6SdruFqn_nhknuyQXblFsy9bM2DNjz3wD8L7CxJmqzGPlPTkolSpi6yqMfW7J38q8sSHafXGWn56rzxf6Yoh_Wg5hleszMRzUrmv4jnzGGZeJUqSvZn4Ii_h-PN-_uo65ghS_tA7lNO7DA9KKOUt4Of-4uW9h_EtSTX3suyRPf9aatksZcUxyjfeRVgrg_ROLcxovOVJA8yewPViO4qBn9VO4h-0zeDzCE3wO7WHXLTmOWZBZJ076CjfhguaOBomjb5n4wVCtzAz66nMahL0TdMZ2PZLs7Q06sUAaIhZm1Yun-HNpxDGGwA8xmvAFnM9Pfh6dxkNBhbhRWq84HdDaTEqUMpPK-AZJ3TubEGMKbxqTpjZFh-xzFMp66Wg7N55YmWhjdFHIl7DVdi2-AoFlww-IlZGoFbq8siU2nuynvMTENhjBhzVB66seN6Mmf4MJX48JH8EhU3vTh9Guw4_u5lc9bJ66SDFX2itT5mTwWU4csAmmCS2frM_CRbC75lU9bMFl_U9gIni3aabNwy8ipsXuNvTR5DLqXEVQTHg8WdC0pb38HWC4K8YyTMud_0_-Fh6SnNZfP519eQ2PMk6eYFhOuQtbxFbcI5NmZd8EWf0Li7L6sQ
openUrl ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Boosting+the+Electrocatalytic+CO2+Reduction+Reaction+by+Nanostructured+Metal+Materials+via+Defects+Engineering&rft.jtitle=Nanomaterials+%28Basel%2C+Switzerland%29&rft.au=Zhao%2C+Shuangyang&rft.au=Liu%2C+Aihua&rft.au=Li%2C+Yonghe&rft.au=Wen%2C+Yanyan&rft.date=2022-07-13&rft.issn=2079-4991&rft.eissn=2079-4991&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=14&rft.spage=2389&rft_id=info:doi/10.3390%2Fnano12142389&rft.externalDBID=n%2Fa&rft.externalDocID=10_3390_nano12142389
thumbnail_l http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=2079-4991&client=summon
thumbnail_m http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=2079-4991&client=summon
thumbnail_s http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=2079-4991&client=summon