Recent advances on developing 3rd generation enzyme electrode for biosensor applications

• Published in: Biosensors & bioelectronics Vol. 79; pp. 386 - 397
• Main Authors: Das, Priyanki, Das, Madhuri, Chinnadayyala, Somasekhar R., Singha, Irom Manoj, Goswami, Pranab
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: England Elsevier B.V 15.05.2016
• Subjects: 3rd generation biosensors; Biosensing Techniques - methods; Biosensors; Cyclic voltammetry; Direct electrochemistry; Electrochemistry; Electrochemistry - methods; electrodes; Electron transfer rate constant; Enzyme electrode; Enzyme electrodes; Enzymes; Enzymes, Immobilized - chemistry; health services; Humans; nanomaterials; Nanostructure; Nanotubes, Carbon - chemistry; Oxidation-Reduction; Polymers; Polymers - chemistry; Protein film voltammetry; Readers; Strategy; Protein film voltammetry; Cyclic voltammetry; Electron transfer rate constant; 3rd generation biosensors; Direct electrochemistry; Enzyme electrode
• ISSN: 0956-5663; 1873-4235
• DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2015.12.055

The electrochemical biosensor with enzyme as biorecognition element is traditionally pursued as an attractive research topic owing to their high commercial perspective in healthcare and environmental sectors. The research interest on the subject is sharply increased since the beginning of 21st century primarily, due to the concomitant increase in knowledge in the field of material science. The remarkable effects of many advance materials such as, conductive polymers and nanomaterials, were acknowledged in the developing efficient 3rd generation enzyme bioelectrodes which offer superior selectivity, sensitivity, reagent less detection, and label free fabrication of biosensors. The present review article compiles the major knowledge surfaced on the subject since its inception incorporating the key review and experimental papers published during the last decade which extensively cover the development on the redox enzyme based 3rd generation electrochemical biosensors. The tenet involved in the function of these direct electrochemistry based enzyme electrodes, their characterizations and various strategies reported so far for their development such as, nanofabrication, polymer based and reconstitution approaches are elucidated. In addition, the possible challenges and the future prospects in the development of efficient biosensors following this direct electrochemistry based principle are discussed. A comparative account on the design strategies and critical performance factors involved in the 3rd generation biosensors among some selected prominent works published on the subject during last decade have also been included in a tabular form for ready reference to the readers. •Studies on 3rd generation biosensors are becoming intense due to their high market potential.•These biosensors are mediator less, label free, interference free and possess superior sensitivity.•Nanofabrication is emerged as major strategy for developing 3rd generation biosensors.•This review compiles major developments, challenges and future prospect on this direct electrochemistry based biosensors.