Distinct Longitudinal Changes in Immunoglobulin G N-Glycosylation Associate with Therapy Response in Chronic Inflammatory Diseases

• Published in: International journal of molecular sciences Vol. 23; no. 15; p. 8473
• Main Authors: Štambuk, Jerko, Vučković, Frano, Habazin, Siniša, Hanić, Maja, Novokmet, Mislav, Nikolaus, Susanna, Tran, Florian, Schreiber, Stefan, Franke, Andre, Rosenstiel, Philip, Lauc, Gordan, Aden, Konrad, Pezer, Marija
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Basel MDPI AG 01.08.2022; MDPI
• Subjects: Autoimmune diseases; Azathioprine; Biological products; chronic inflammatory diseases; Crohns disease; Cytotoxicity; Glycosylation; IgG antibody; IgG glycosylation; Immunoglobulin G; Immunoglobulins; Immunosuppressive agents; Immunotherapy; Inflammation; Inflammatory bowel disease; Inflammatory diseases; Infliximab; Lupus; Monoclonal antibodies; Patients; personalized medicine; Remission; response; Rheumatoid arthritis; Tumor necrosis factor-α
• ISSN: 1422-0067; 1661-6596; 1422-0067
• DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158473

Immunosuppressants and biologicals are widely used therapeutics for various chronic inflammatory diseases (CID). To gain more detailed insight into their downstream effects, we examined their impact on serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) glycosylation. We analyzed IgG subclass-specific fragment crystallizable (Fc) N-glycosylation in patients suffering from various CID using the LC-MS approach. Firstly, we compared IgG Fc N-glycosylation between 128 CID patients and 204 healthy controls. Our results replicated previously observed CID-related decrease in IgG Fc galactosylation (adjusted p-value range 1.70 × 10−2–5.95 × 10−22) and sialylation (adjusted p-value range 1.85 × 10−2–1.71 × 10−18). Secondly, to assess changes in IgG Fc N-glycosylation associated with therapy and remission status, we compared 139 CID patients receiving either azathioprine, infliximab, or vedolizumab therapy. We observed an increase in IgG Fc galactosylation (adjusted p-value range 1.98 × 10−2–1.30 × 10−15) and sialylation (adjusted p-value range 3.28 × 10−6–4.34 × 10−18) during the treatment. Furthermore, patients who reached remission displayed increased Fc galactosylation levels (p-value range 2.25 × 10−2–5.44 × 10−3) in comparison to patients with active disease. In conclusion, the alterations in IgG Fc glycosylation and the fact these changes are even more pronounced in patients who achieved remission, suggest modulation of IgG inflammatory potential associated with CID therapy.