A combined liquid three-phase micro-extraction and differential pulse voltammetric method for preconcentration and detection of ultra-trace amounts of buprenorphine using a modified pencil electrode

• Published in: Talanta (Oxford) Vol. 116; pp. 1113 - 1120
• Main Authors: Ensafi, Ali A., Khoddami, Elaheh, Rezaei, B.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Netherlands Elsevier B.V 15.11.2013
• Subjects: Buprenorphine; Buprenorphine - blood; Buprenorphine - urine; Calibration; detection limit; Differential pulse voltammetry; Electrochemical Techniques; electrochemistry; Electrodes; extraction; Graphite - chemistry; Human; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Limit of Detection; Liquid Phase Microextraction - instrumentation; Liquid Phase Microextraction - methods; Liquid three-phase micro extraction; Liquids; Membranes, Artificial; microextraction; mixing; Modified pencil graphite electrode; Morphine Dependence - blood; Morphine Dependence - urine; Narcotics - blood; Narcotics - urine; Pencils; Phases; Polytetrafluorethylene membrane; Polytetrafluoroethylene - chemistry; salt concentration; Sodium Chloride - chemistry; Solvents; Urine; Voltammetry; Modified pencil graphite electrode; Buprenorphine; Polytetrafluorethylene membrane; Liquid three-phase micro extraction; Differential pulse voltammetry
• ISSN: 0039-9140; 1873-3573; 1873-3573
• DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2013.08.016

A combination of polytetrafluorethylene membrane-based liquid three-phase micro-extraction and voltammetry was used for the micro-separation and determination of buprenorphine. Type of the organic solvent used, pH levels of the donor and acceptor phases, salt concentration, extraction time, stirring rate, and electrochemical parameters as the essential factors affecting the liquid three-phase micro-extraction of buprenorphine were investigated. Differential pulse voltammetry exhibited two linear dynamic ranges of 1.0–109.0pmolL−1 and 0.109nmolL−1–0.11µmolL−1 of buprenorphine and the detection limit was found to be as low as 0.6pmolL−1 of buprenorphine. Also, the effects of a number of common substances potentially interfering with selectivity were studied. The results indicate that the proposed method is highly selective and sensitive for buprenorphine detection in real samples such as human urine and plasma of both drug-addict and non-addict human subjects. •Combination ofpolytetrafluorethylenewith liquid three-phase micro extraction was used.•Buprenorphine was separated quantitatively at ultratrace level.•Differential pulse voltammetry was used as a detection technique.•The method is capable to detect buprenorphineas low as 0.6pmolL−1.