Porous Biphasic Calcium Phosphate Granules from Oyster Shell Promote the Differentiation of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

Oyster shells are rich in calcium, and thus, the potential use of waste shells is in the production of calcium phosphate (CaP) minerals for osteopathic biomedical applications, such as scaffolds for bone regeneration. Implanted scaffolds should stimulate the differentiation of induced pluripotent st...

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Bibliographic Details
Published inInternational journal of molecular sciences Vol. 22; no. 17; p. 9444
Main Authors Ho, Wen-Fu, Lee, Mei-Hwa, Thomas, James L., Li, Jin-An, Wu, Shih-Ching, Hsu, Hsueh-Chuan, Lin, Hung-Yin
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Basel MDPI AG 31.08.2021
MDPI
Subjects
Adsorption
Biocompatibility
Calcium phosphates
Cell division
Cytokines
Gene expression
Kinases
Proteins
Stem cells
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Summary:Oyster shells are rich in calcium, and thus, the potential use of waste shells is in the production of calcium phosphate (CaP) minerals for osteopathic biomedical applications, such as scaffolds for bone regeneration. Implanted scaffolds should stimulate the differentiation of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) into osteoblasts. In this study, oyster shells were used to produce nano-grade hydroxyapatite (HA) powder by the liquid-phase precipitation. Then, biphasic CaP (BCP) bioceramics with two different phase ratios were obtained by the foaming of HA nanopowders and sintering by two different two-stage heat treatment processes. The different sintering conditions yielded differences in structure and morphology of the BCPs, as determined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area analysis. We then set out to determine which of these materials were most biocompatible, by co-culturing with iPSCs and examining the gene expression in molecular pathways involved in self-renewal and differentiation of iPSCs. We found that sintering for a shorter time at higher temperatures gave higher expression levels of markers for proliferation and (early) differentiation of the osteoblast. The differences in biocompatibility may be related to a more hierarchical pore structure (micropores within macropores) obtained with briefer, high-temperature sintering.
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ISSN:1422-0067
1661-6596
1422-0067
DOI:10.3390/ijms22179444