Race, Place, and Obesity: The Complex Relationships Among Community Racial/Ethnic Composition, Individual Race/Ethnicity, and Obesity in the United States

• Published in: American journal of public health (1971) Vol. 102; no. 8; pp. 1572 - 1578
• Main Authors: KIRBY, James B, LAN LIANG, CHEN, Hsin-Jen, YOUFA WANG
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Washington, DC American Public Health Association 01.08.2012
• Subjects: Adult; Asian; Biological and medical sciences; Black or African American; Black People; Body Mass Index; Censuses; Cross-Sectional Studies; Cultural differences; Data Collection; Ethnicity; Ethnicity - ethnology; Expenditures; Female; General aspects; Health disparities; Hispanic Americans; Hispanic or Latino; Humans; Linear Models; Logistic Models; Male; Medical sciences; Metabolic diseases; Minority & ethnic groups; Miscellaneous; Obesity; Obesity - ethnology; Public health; Public health. Hygiene; Public health. Hygiene-occupational medicine; Race; Racial Groups - ethnology; Research and Practice; Residence Characteristics - statistics & numerical data; Risk Factors; Social norms; Studies; United States - epidemiology; White People; United States; North America; America; United States > US; Human; Obesity; Composition; Ethnic origin; Nutrition disorder; Race; Community; Nutritional status; Ethnic group; Public health; Complexity
• ISSN: 0090-0036; 1541-0048; 1541-0048
• DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2011.300452

We explored the association between community racial/ethnic composition and obesity risk. In this cross-sectional study, we used nationally representative data from the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey linked to geographic data from the US Decennial Census and Census Business Pattern data. Living in communities with a high Hispanic concentration (≥ 25%) was associated with a 0.55 and 0.42 increase in body mass index (BMI; defined as weight in kilograms divided by the square of height in meters) and 21% and 23% higher odds for obesity for Hispanics and non-Hispanic Whites, respectively. Living in a community with a high non-Hispanic Asian concentration (≥ 25%) was associated with a 0.68 decrease in BMI and 28% lower odds for obesity for non-Hispanic Whites. We controlled for individual- and community-level social, economic, and demographic variables. Community racial/ethnic composition is an important correlate of obesity risk, but the relationship differs greatly by individual race/ethnicity. To better understand the obesity epidemic and related racial/ethnic disparities, more must be learned about community-level risk factors, especially how built environment and social norms operate within communities and across racial/ethnic groups.