Communicating Using Spatial Mode Multiplexing: Potentials, Challenges, and Perspectives

• Published in: IEEE Communications surveys and tutorials Vol. 21; no. 4; pp. 3175 - 3203
• Main Authors: Trichili, Abderrahmen, Park, Ki-Hong, Zghal, Mourad, Ooi, Boon S., Alouini, Mohamed-Slim
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: IEEE 01.01.2019
• Subjects: Acoustic beams; adaptive optics; Antenna arrays; atmospheric turbulence; crosstalk; fiber nonlinearity; free space optics; Laser beams; millimeter waves; Multiplexing; oceanic turbulence; Optical fiber communication; optical fibers; optical interconnects; Optical polarization; optical switching; orbital angular momentum; radio frequency; Space division multiplexing; underwater wireless optical communication; vortex fibers
• ISSN: 2373-745X
• DOI: 10.1109/COMST.2019.2915981

Time, polarization, and wavelength multiplexing schemes have been used to satisfy the growing need of transmission capacity. Using space as a new dimension for communication systems has been recently suggested as a versatile technique to address future bandwidth issues. We review the potentials of harnessing the space as an additional degree of freedom for communication applications including free space optics, optical fiber installation, underwater wireless optical links, on-chip interconnects, data center indoor connections, radio frequency, and acoustic communications. We focus on the orbital angular momentum (OAM) modes and equally identify the challenges related to each of the applications of spatial modes and the particular OAM modes in communication. We further discuss the perspectives of this emerging technology. Finally, we provide the open research directions and discuss the practical deployment of OAM communication links for different applications.