Robert Hart and China's Statistical Revolution

• Published in: Modern Asian studies Vol. 40; no. 3; pp. 605 - 629
• Main Author: EBERHARD-BRÉARD, ANDREA
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Cambridge, UK Cambridge University Press 01.07.2006
• Subjects: Administration; Agriculture; Archives; Archives & records; Area studies; Asian history; Asian studies; Biographies; Bureaucracy; China; Commercial treaties; Commodities; Education; Hagiography; Hart, Robert; Historiography; Industry; International relations; International trade; Maritime customs; Maritime history; Political revolutions; Public officials; Regression analysis; Revenue; Society; Statistical data; Statistics; Tariffs; Trade; Treaties; China
• ISSN: 0026-749X; 1469-8099
• DOI: 10.1017/S0026749X06002101

In 1890 Robert Hart was elected Honorary Fellow of the Royal Statistical Society. Hart had sent copies of the statistical publications of the Maritime Customs Service regularly to the Society, but he himself was no statistician. He did publish one piece in the Journal of the Statistical Society of London, but this was no more than an extract of a conclusion Hart wrote to reports written by the Commissioners at China's Treaty Ports on local opium consumption. But Hart, as Inspector General of the Maritime Customs Service, bore general responsibility for its publications and involved himself deeply in its statistical projects. H. B. Morse, who would serve as Statistical Secretary, wrote: ‘while weak in the fiscal and economic field, he was a marvel in organisation and the direction of the work of others’. Within the Customs Service, it was the Statistical Secretary who had immediate responsibility for the statistical publications of the Customs. He was stationed in Shanghai, China's busiest port, rather than Beijing, where the Inspectorate had its offices close to the Zongli Yamen, the Qing agency overseeing China's relations with Western countries.