Facile synthesis of platinum nanoparticle-containing porous carbons, and their application to amperometric glucose biosensing

• Published in: Mikrochimica acta (1966) Vol. 181; no. 15-16; pp. 1871 - 1878
• Main Authors: Yabutani, Tomoki, Waterhouse, Geoffrey I. N., Sun-Waterhouse, Dongxiao, Metson, James B., Iinuma, Akiko, Thuy, Le Thi Xuan, Yamada, Yohei, Takayanagi, Toshio, Motonaka, Junko
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Vienna Springer Vienna 01.11.2014; Springer
• Subjects: Analytical Chemistry; Carbon; Carbonization; Characterization and Evaluation of Materials; Chemistry; Chemistry and Materials Science; Dextrose; Electrical measurements; Gels; Glucose; Metal catalysts; Microengineering; Nanochemistry; Nanostructure; Nanotechnology; Original Paper; Oxidases; Platinum; Raman spectroscopy; Synthesis; X-ray spectroscopy; Electrocatalysis; Polyol synthesis; Porous carbon; Agarose; Glucose biosensing; Platinum nanoparticle
• ISSN: 0026-3672; 1436-5073
• DOI: 10.1007/s00604-014-1270-1

This study describes the facile synthesis of platinum nanoparticle-containing porous carbons (Pt/C) by carbonization of freeze-dried agarose gels containing potassium tetrachloroplatinate under a nitrogen atmosphere at 800 °C. By adjusting the ratio between agarose and platinate in the freeze-dried gels, the Pt content in the final Pt/C products could be systematically varied from 0–10 wt.%. Transmission electron microscopy, inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and nitrogen physisorption measurements revealed that the Pt/C materials obtained by this method possess high surface areas (350–500 m 2  g −1 ), narrow Pt nanoparticle size distributions (6 ± 3 nm) and nanocrystalline graphite –like carbon character. By immobilization of glucose oxidase on the surface of a 4 wt.% Pt/C electrocatalyst prepared by this route, a very sensitive amperometric glucose biosensor was obtained (response time <2 min, sensitivity 1.9 mA M −1 ; and a linear response with glucose concentration up to 10 mM). The simplicity and versatility of the described synthetic method suggests its application to the preparation of carbon supported noble metal catalysts including palladium/C and gold/C. Figure This study describes the facile synthesis of platinum nanoparticle-containing porous carbons (Pt/C) by carbonization of freeze-dried agarose gels containing potassium tetrachloroplatinate. The Pt/C materials exhibited excellent electrocatalytic activities, as demonstrated by their successful integration into amperometric glucose biosensor