Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria: Their Mechanism of Action and Prophylaxis

• Published in: BioMed research international Vol. 2022; pp. 1 - 17
• Main Authors: Bharadwaj, Alok, Rastogi, Amisha, Pandey, Swadha, Gupta, Saurabh, Sohal, Jagdip Singh
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: New York Hindawi 05.09.2022; John Wiley & Sons, Inc; Hindawi Limited
• Subjects: Antibiotics; Antiinfectives and antibacterials; Antimicrobial agents; Availability; Bacteria; Bacteria, Pathogenic; Bacterial infections; Biofilms; Causes of; Control; Drug development; Drug resistance; Drug resistance in microorganisms; Drug therapy; Drugs; Hospitals; Identification and classification; Illnesses; Medical equipment; Microorganisms; Multidrug resistance; Multidrug resistant organisms; Nosocomial infection; Nosocomial infections; Overexploitation; Pathogens; Pneumonia; Prophylaxis; Public health; Review; Risk factors; Staphylococcus infections; Streptococcus infections; India; United States > US; Europe
• ISSN: 2314-6133; 2314-6141
• DOI: 10.1155/2022/5419874

In the present scenario, resistance to antibiotics is one of the crucial issues related to public health. Earlier, such resistance to antibiotics was limited to nosocomial infections, but it has now become a common phenomenon. Several factors, like extensive development, overexploitation of antibiotics, excessive application of broad-spectrum drugs, and a shortage of target-oriented antimicrobial drugs, could be attributed to this condition. Nowadays, there is a rise in the occurrence of these drug-resistant pathogens due to the availability of a small number of effective antimicrobial agents. It has been estimated that if new novel drugs are not discovered or formulated, there would be no effective antibiotic available to treat these deadly resistant pathogens by 2050. For this reason, we have to look for the formulation of some new novel drugs or other options or substitutes to treat such multidrug-resistant microorganisms (MDR). The current review focuses on the evolution of the most common multidrug-resistant bacteria and discusses how these bacteria escape the effects of targeted antibiotics and become multidrug resistant. In addition, we also discuss some alternative mechanisms to prevent their infection as well.