Frequent loss of Dab2 protein and infrequent promoter hypermethylation in breast cancer

• Published in: Breast cancer research and treatment Vol. 104; no. 3; pp. 277 - 286
• Main Authors: SARANGADHARA APPALA RAJU BAGADI, CHANDRA PRAKASH PRASAD, SRIVASTAVA, Anurag, PRASHAD, Rajinder, SIDDARTH DATTA GUPTA, RALHAN, Ranju
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Dordrecht Springer 01.09.2007; Springer Nature B.V
• Subjects: Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing - genetics; Adult; Biological and medical sciences; Breast cancer; Breast Neoplasms - genetics; Breast Neoplasms - metabolism; Breast Neoplasms - pathology; Cancer research; Cancer therapies; Cell culture; Cell Line, Tumor; CpG Islands; DNA Methylation; Epidemiology; Female; Gene expression; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; Genes; Gynecology. Andrology. Obstetrics; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Male; Mammary gland diseases; Medical sciences; MicroRNAs - metabolism; Middle Aged; Promoter Regions, Genetic; Proteins; Tumor Suppressor Proteins; Tumors; Human; Nucleotide sequence; Transcription promoter; Breast cancer; Dab2/DOC-2; Malignant tumor; CpG island; Protein; Mammary gland diseases; GC rich sequence; DNA; DNA methylation; Frequency; Methylation
• ISSN: 0167-6806; 1573-7217
• DOI: 10.1007/s10549-006-9422-6

Disabled-2 (Dab2), a putative tumor suppressor protein, is lost in 80-90% ovarian tumors and ovarian/breast cancer cell lines. The clinical significance of Dab2 protein in breast cancer remains yet unknown. Immunohistochemical analysis of Dab2 protein showed no detectable expression in 67/91 (74%) breast tumors, while all 10 normal tissues showed presence of Dab2 protein. We hypothesized that epigenetic silencing of Dab2 may account for loss of protein in breast cancer. Methylation of Dab2 exon 1, a putative promoter, was analyzed in six breast cancer cell lines and in 54 primary breast tumors by methylation specific PCR. Methylation was observed in MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-157 cells and in 6 of 54 (11%) primary breast tumors that also showed loss of Dab2 protein. Expression of Dab2 transcripts was detected in all cell lines except MDA-MB-157. However, none of these six cell lines showed detectable levels of Dab2 protein by western blotting, while non-malignant mammary epithelial cell line MCF 10A showed Dab2 protein expression. To our knowledge this is the first report showing low frequency of Dab2 (putative) promoter methylation (11%) in primary breast tumors. Frequent loss of Dab2 protein (74%) suggest that hypermethylation of Dab2 promoter may only be one of the mechanisms accounting for its loss in breast cancer. Further, in silico analysis of Dab2 3'-UTR revealed existence of miRNA complimentary to this region of the gene, suggesting microRNA mediated targeting of Dab2 mRNA might account for loss of the protein in breast cancer.