Decreased dietary fiber intake and structural alteration of gut microbiota in patients with advanced colorectal adenoma

• Published in: The American journal of clinical nutrition Vol. 97; no. 5; pp. 1044 - 1052
• Main Authors: Chen, Hui-Min, Yu, Ya-Nan, Wang, Ji-Lin, Lin, Yan-Wei, Kong, Xuan, Yang, Chang-Qing, Yang, Li, Liu, Zhan-Ju, Yuan, Yao-Zong, Liu, Fei, Wu, Jian-Xin, Zhong, Liang, Fang, Dian-Chun, Zou, Weiping, Fang, Jing-Yuan
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Bethesda, MD American Society for Clinical Nutrition 01.05.2013; American Society for Nutrition; American Society for Clinical Nutrition, Inc
• Subjects: adenoma; Aged; Bacteria; Biological and medical sciences; butyrates; Butyrates - metabolism; Case-Control Studies; China - epidemiology; Chromatography; Chromatography, Gas; clinical nutrition; Clostridium; Colorectal cancer; Colorectal Neoplasms - epidemiology; Colorectal Neoplasms - microbiology; Colorectal Neoplasms - physiopathology; Cross-Sectional Studies; Diet; Dietary fiber; Dietary Fiber - administration & dosage; DNA, Bacterial - genetics; eating habits; Enterococcus; environmental factors; Eubacterium; Fatty acids; Fatty Acids, Volatile - analysis; feces; Feces - chemistry; Feces - microbiology; Feeding. Feeding behavior; Female; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology; gas chromatography; Gastroenterology. Liver. Pancreas. Abdomen; Gastrointestinal Tract - microbiology; Gram-Positive Bacteria - genetics; Gram-Positive Bacteria - isolation & purification; histopathology; Humans; intestinal microorganisms; Life Style; Logistic Models; Male; Medical sciences; Metagenome; Middle Aged; Multivariate Analysis; patients; principal component analysis; Ribonucleic acid; risk; RNA; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S - genetics; Roseburia; sequence analysis; Sequence Analysis, DNA; short chain fatty acids; Stomach. Duodenum. Small intestine. Colon. Rectum. Anus; Streptococcus; Surveys and Questionnaires; Tumors; Vertebrates: anatomy and physiology, studies on body, several organs or systems; Human; Rectal disease; Digestive system; Gut; Alteration; Microflora; Feeding; Colonic disease; Colorectal adenoma; Food intake; Digestive diseases; Intestinal disease; Benign neoplasm; Dietary fiber
• ISSN: 0002-9165; 1938-3207; 1938-3207
• DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.112.046607

Background: Accumulating evidence indicates that diet is one of the most important environmental factors involved in the progression from advanced colorectal adenoma (A-CRA) to colorectal cancer.Objective: We evaluated the possible effects of dietary fiber on the fecal microbiota of patients with A-CRA.Design: Patients with a diagnosis of A-CRA by pathological examination were enrolled in the A-CRA group. Patients with no obvious abnormalities or histopathological changes were enrolled in the healthy control (HC) group. Dietary fiber intake was assessed in all patients. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in feces were detected by gas chromatography. The fecal microbiota community was analyzed by 454 pyrosequencing based on 16S ribosomal RNA.Results: Lower dietary fiber patterns and consistently lower SCFA production were observed in the A-CRA group (n = 344). Principal component analysis showed distinct differences in the fecal microbiota communities of the 2 groups. Clostridium, Roseburia, and Eubacterium spp. were significantly less prevalent in the A-CRA group (n = 47) than in the HC group (n = 47), whereas Enterococcus and Streptococcus spp. were more prevalent in the A-CRA group (n = 47) (all P < 0.05). Butyrate and butyrate-producing bacteria were more prevalent in a subgroup of HC subjects with a high fiber intake than in those in both the low-fiber HC subgroup and the high-fiber A-CRA subgroup (all P < 0.05).Conclusion: A high-fiber dietary pattern and subsequent consistent production of SCFAs and healthy gut microbiota are associated with a reduced risk of A-CRA. This trial was registered at www.chictr.org as ChiCTR-TRC-00000123.