The cell biology of inflammation: From common traits to remarkable immunological adaptations

Tissue damage triggers a rapid and robust inflammatory response in order to clear and repair a wound. Remarkably, many of the cell biology features that underlie the ability of leukocytes to home in to sites of injury and to fight infection-most of which are topics of intensive current research-were...

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Published inThe Journal of cell biology Vol. 219; no. 7
Main Authors Weavers, Helen, Martin, Paul
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published United States Rockefeller University Press 06.07.2020
Subjects
Adaptation, Physiological - immunology
Alarmins - immunology
Animals
Cell Signaling
Disease
Drosophila melanogaster - immunology
Drosophila melanogaster - microbiology
History, 19th Century
History, 20th Century
History, 21st Century
Humans
Immunity, Innate
Immunology
Inflammation - history
Macrophages - immunology
Macrophages - microbiology
Migration, Motility
Monocytes - immunology
Monocytes - microbiology
Neutrophils - immunology
Neutrophils - microbiology
Pathogen-Associated Molecular Pattern Molecules - immunology
Phagocytosis
Review
Wound Healing - immunology
Wounds, Penetrating - immunology
Wounds, Penetrating - microbiology
Zebrafish - immunology
Zebrafish - microbiology
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Summary:Tissue damage triggers a rapid and robust inflammatory response in order to clear and repair a wound. Remarkably, many of the cell biology features that underlie the ability of leukocytes to home in to sites of injury and to fight infection-most of which are topics of intensive current research-were originally observed in various weird and wonderful translucent organisms over a century ago by Elie Metchnikoff, the "father of innate immunity," who is credited with discovering phagocytes in 1882. In this review, we use Metchnikoff's seminal lectures as a starting point to discuss the tremendous variety of cell biology features that underpin the function of these multitasking immune cells. Some of these are shared by other cell types (including aspects of motility, membrane trafficking, cell division, and death), but others are more unique features of innate immune cells, enabling them to fulfill their specialized functions, such as encapsulation of invading pathogens, cell-cell fusion in response to foreign bodies, and their self-sacrifice as occurs during NETosis.
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H. Weavers and P. Martin contributed equally to this paper.
ISSN:0021-9525
1540-8140
DOI:10.1083/jcb.202004003