Necrotizing Enterocolitis and the Microbiome: Current Status and Future Directions

Abstract Decades of research have failed to define the pathophysiology of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), a devastating pediatric gastrointestinal disorder of preterm infants. However, evidence suggests that host-microbiota interactions, in which microbial dysbiosis is followed by loss of barrier i...

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Published inThe Journal of infectious diseases Vol. 223; no. Supplement_3; pp. S257 - S263
Main Authors Thänert, Robert, Keen, Eric C, Dantas, Gautam, Warner, Barbara B, Tarr, Phillip I
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published US Oxford University Press 16.06.2021
Subjects
Dysbacteriosis
Dysbiosis - microbiology
Enterocolitis
Enterocolitis, Necrotizing - microbiology
Enterocolitis, Necrotizing - therapy
Gastrointestinal Microbiome - physiology
Host-Pathogen Interactions
Humans
Infant, Newborn
Infant, Premature
Infants
Microbiomes
Microbiota
Necrotizing enterocolitis
Neonates
Pediatrics
Premature birth
Risk Factors
Supplement
microbiota
preterm birth
necrotizing enterocolitis
microbiome
TLR4
metagenomics
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Summary:Abstract Decades of research have failed to define the pathophysiology of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), a devastating pediatric gastrointestinal disorder of preterm infants. However, evidence suggests that host-microbiota interactions, in which microbial dysbiosis is followed by loss of barrier integrity, inflammation, and necrosis, are central to NEC development. Thus, greater knowledge of the preterm infant microbiome could accelerate attempts to diagnose, treat, and prevent NEC. In this article, we summarize clinical characteristics of and risk factors for NEC, the structure of the pre-event NEC microbiome, how this community interfaces with host immunology, and microbiome-based approaches that might prevent or lessen the severity of NEC in this very vulnerable population.
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R. T. and E. C. K. contributed equally to this work.
ISSN:0022-1899
1537-6613
DOI:10.1093/infdis/jiaa604