Prevalence and Risk Factor Analysis of Post-Intensive Care Syndrome in Patients with COVID-19 Requiring Mechanical Ventilation: A Multicenter Prospective Observational Study

• Published in: Journal of clinical medicine Vol. 11; no. 19; p. 5758
• Main Authors: Hatakeyama, Junji, Inoue, Shigeaki, Liu, Keibun, Yamakawa, Kazuma, Nishida, Takeshi, Ohshimo, Shinichiro, Hashimoto, Satoru, Kanda, Naoki, Maruyama, Shuhei, Ogata, Yoshitaka, Kawakami, Daisuke, Shimizu, Hiroaki, Hayakawa, Katsura, Tanaka, Aiko, Oshima, Taku, Fuchigami, Tatsuya, Yawata, Hironori, Oe, Kyoji, Kawauchi, Akira, Yamagata, Hidehiro, Harada, Masahiro, Sato, Yuichi, Nakamura, Tomoyuki, Sugiki, Kei, Hakozaki, Takahiro, Beppu, Satoru, Anraku, Masaki, Kato, Noboru, Iwashita, Tomomi, Kamijo, Hiroshi, Kitagawa, Yuichiro, Nagashima, Michio, Nishimaki, Hirona, Tokuda, Kentaro, Nishida, Osamu, Nakamura, Kensuke
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Basel MDPI AG 28.09.2022; MDPI
• Subjects: Anxiety; Body mass index; Clinical medicine; Cognitive ability; Coronaviruses; COVID-19; critically ill patients; Delirium; Disease; Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation; Hospitals; Infections; Intensive care; Medical prognosis; Mental depression; Mental disorders; Observational studies; Patients; post-intensive care syndrome; Questionnaires; Regression analysis; Risk factors; Sepsis; Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2; Software; Ventilators; Japan
• ISSN: 2077-0383; 2077-0383
• DOI: 10.3390/jcm11195758

Introduction: Post-intensive care syndrome (PICS) is an emerging problem in critically ill patients and the prevalence and risk factors are unclear in patients with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). This multicenter prospective observational study aimed to investigate the prevalence and risk factors of PICS in ventilated patients with COVID-19 after ICU discharge. Methods: Questionnaires were administered twice in surviving patients with COVID-19 who had required mechanical ventilation, concerning Barthel Index, Short-Memory Questionnaire, and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale scores. The risk factors for PICS were examined using a multivariate logistic regression analysis. Results: The first and second PICS surveys were obtained at 5.5 and 13.5 months (mean) after ICU discharge, with 251 and 209 patients completing the questionnaires and with a prevalence of PICS of 58.6% and 60.8%, respectively, along with the highest percentages of cognitive impairment. Delirium (with an odds ratio of (OR) 2.34, 95% CI 1.1–4.9, and p = 0.03) and the duration of mechanical ventilation (with an OR of 1.29, 95% CI 1.05–1.58, and p = 0.02) were independently identified as the risk factors for PICS in the first PICS survey. Conclusion: Approximately 60% of the ventilated patients with COVID-19 experienced persistent PICS, especially delirium, and required longer mechanical ventilation.