History, Origins and Prediction of Elastohydrodynamic Friction

• Published in: Tribology letters Vol. 56; no. 1; pp. 1 - 25
• Main Authors: Spikes, Hugh, Jie, Zhang
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Boston Springer US 01.10.2014; Springer Nature B.V
• Subjects: Chemistry and Materials Science; Corrosion and Coatings; Divergence; Friction; High temperature effects; Lubricant films; Lubricants; Materials Science; Nanotechnology; Origins; Physical Chemistry; Review Paper; Rheological properties; Rheology; Shear rate; Shear stress; Strain rate; Surfaces and Interfaces; Theoretical and Applied Mechanics; Thin Films; Tribology; Viscometry; Viscosity; Lubricant rheology; Eyring; Carreau; Traction; Elastohydrodynamic friction
• ISSN: 1023-8883; 1573-2711
• DOI: 10.1007/s11249-014-0396-y

There is currently considerable debate concerning the most appropriate rheological model to describe the behaviour of lubricant films in rolling–sliding, elastohydrodynamic contacts. This is an important issue since an accurate model is required to predict friction in such contacts. This paper reviews the origins of this debate, which primarily concerns a divergence of views between researchers using high pressure, high shear rate viscometry and those concerned with the measurement and analysis of elastohydrodynamic friction; the former advocate a Carreau-based shear stress/strain rate model while the latter generally favour an Eyring-based one. The crucial importance of accounting for shear heating effects in analysing both viscometric and friction data is discussed. The main criticisms levied by advocates of a Carreau-based model against Eyring’s model are discussed in some detail. Finally, the ability of both types of rheological model to fit elastohydrodynamic friction measurements for a quite simple, well-defined base fluid is tested, using previously measured pressure–viscosity behaviour for the fluid. Both models appear to fit the experimental data over a wide temperature range quite well, though fit of the Eyring model appears slightly closer than that of the Carreau–Yasuda model. Friction data from a wider range of well-defined fluid types are needed to identify categorically the most appropriate model to describe elastohydrodynamic friction.