Chlordane components and metabolites in seven species of Arctic seabirds from the Northwater Polynya: relationships with stable isotopes of nitrogen and enantiomeric fractions of chiral components
The relative proportions of chlordane and its components in seabirds was related to phylogeny. The Northwater Polynya (NOW) is a large area of year-round open water found in the high Arctic between Ellesmere Island and Greenland. NOW has high biological productivity compared with other arctic marine...
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Published in | Environmental pollution (1987) Vol. 113; no. 2; pp. 225 - 238 |
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Main Authors | , , , , |
Format | Journal Article |
Language | English |
Published |
Oxford
Elsevier Ltd
01.01.2001
Elsevier |
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Abstract | The relative proportions of chlordane and its components in seabirds was related to phylogeny.
The Northwater Polynya (NOW) is a large area of year-round open water found in the high Arctic between Ellesmere Island and Greenland. NOW has high biological productivity compared with other arctic marine areas, and supports large populations of several seabird species. Seven species of seabirds, dovekie (
Alle alle, DOVE), thick-billed murre (
Uria lomvia, TBMU), black guillemot (
Cepphus grylle, BLGU), black-legged kittiwake (
Rissa tridactyla, BLKI), ivory gull (
Pagophila eburnea, IVGU), glaucous gull (
Larus hyperboreus, GLGU) and northern fulmar (
Fulmaris glacialis, NOFU) were collected in May and June 1998 to determine chlordane concentrations in liver and fat and to examine species differences, relationships with stable isotopes of nitrogen, and enantiomeric fractions (EFs) of chiral components. ΣCHLOR concentrations varied over an order of magnitude among species, from a low of 176±19 ng/g (lipid corrected) in TMBU liver to a high of 3190±656 ng/g (lipid corrected) in NOFU liver. Lipid-corrected concentrations of chlordane did not vary between sex for any species or between fat and liver except for the DOVE, that had fat concentrations that were significantly greater than the liver. δ
15N values described a significant percentage of the variability of concentrations for most chlordane components, although less than what has been reported for whole food chains. Slopes of δ
15N versus concentration of chlordane components and ΣCHLOR were similar with the exception of those which were metabolized (
trans-chlordane) or formed through biotransformation (oxychlordane). The relative proportions of chlordane components in seabirds were related to phylogeny; the procellariid (NOFU) had the greatest percentage of oxychlordane (>70%), followed by the larids (BLKI, IVGU and GLGU; 40–50%) and the alcids (DOVE and BLGU; 10–20%). The exception was TBMU, an alcid, where oxychlordane made up >40% of its chlordane. EFs of chiral components failed to predict concentration or trophic level, but did identify biotransformation differences between species and chlordane components. TBMU appeared to have a greater capacity to metabolize and eliminate chlordane, based on high proportions of oxychlordane, the highest EFs for oxychlordane and heptachlor epoxide, and a δ
15N-ΣCHLOR value which was well below the relationships developed for all seabird species. |
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AbstractList | The relative proportions of chlordane and its components in seabirds was related to phylogeny.
The Northwater Polynya (NOW) is a large area of year-round open water found in the high Arctic between Ellesmere Island and Greenland. NOW has high biological productivity compared with other arctic marine areas, and supports large populations of several seabird species. Seven species of seabirds, dovekie (
Alle alle, DOVE), thick-billed murre (
Uria lomvia, TBMU), black guillemot (
Cepphus grylle, BLGU), black-legged kittiwake (
Rissa tridactyla, BLKI), ivory gull (
Pagophila eburnea, IVGU), glaucous gull (
Larus hyperboreus, GLGU) and northern fulmar (
Fulmaris glacialis, NOFU) were collected in May and June 1998 to determine chlordane concentrations in liver and fat and to examine species differences, relationships with stable isotopes of nitrogen, and enantiomeric fractions (EFs) of chiral components. ΣCHLOR concentrations varied over an order of magnitude among species, from a low of 176±19 ng/g (lipid corrected) in TMBU liver to a high of 3190±656 ng/g (lipid corrected) in NOFU liver. Lipid-corrected concentrations of chlordane did not vary between sex for any species or between fat and liver except for the DOVE, that had fat concentrations that were significantly greater than the liver. δ
15N values described a significant percentage of the variability of concentrations for most chlordane components, although less than what has been reported for whole food chains. Slopes of δ
15N versus concentration of chlordane components and ΣCHLOR were similar with the exception of those which were metabolized (
trans-chlordane) or formed through biotransformation (oxychlordane). The relative proportions of chlordane components in seabirds were related to phylogeny; the procellariid (NOFU) had the greatest percentage of oxychlordane (>70%), followed by the larids (BLKI, IVGU and GLGU; 40–50%) and the alcids (DOVE and BLGU; 10–20%). The exception was TBMU, an alcid, where oxychlordane made up >40% of its chlordane. EFs of chiral components failed to predict concentration or trophic level, but did identify biotransformation differences between species and chlordane components. TBMU appeared to have a greater capacity to metabolize and eliminate chlordane, based on high proportions of oxychlordane, the highest EFs for oxychlordane and heptachlor epoxide, and a δ
15N-ΣCHLOR value which was well below the relationships developed for all seabird species. The Northwater Polynya (NOW) is a large area of year-round open water found in the high Arctic between Ellesmere Island and Greenland. NOW has high biological productivity compared with other arctic marine areas, and supports large populations of several seabird species. Seven species of seabirds, dovekie (Alle alle, DOVE), thick-billed murre (Uria lomvia, TBMU), black guillemot (Cepphus grylle, BLGU), black-legged kittiwake (Rissa tridactyla, BLKI), ivory gull (Pagophila eburnea, IVGU), glaucous gull (Larus hyperboreus, GLGU) and northern fulmar (Fulmaris glacialis, NOFU) were collected in May and June 1998 to determine chlordane concentrations in liver and fat and to examine species differences, relationships with stable isotopes of nitrogen, and enantiomeric fractions (EFs) of chiral components. sigma CHLOR concentrations varied over an order of magnitude among species, from a low of 176 +/- 19 ng/g (lipid corrected) in TMBU liver to a high of 3190 +/- 656 ng/g (lipid corrected) in NOFU liver. Lipid-corrected concentrations of chlordane did not vary between sex for any species or between fat and liver except for the DOVE, that had fat concentrations that were significantly greater than the liver. delta 15N values described a significant percentage of the variability of concentrations for most chlordane components, although less than what has been reported for whole food chains. Slopes of delta 15N versus concentration of chlordane components and sigma CHLOR were similar with the exception of those which were metabolized (trans-chlordane) or formed through biotransformation (oxychlordane). The relative proportions of chlordane components in seabirds were related to phylogeny; the procellariid (NOFU) had the greatest percentage of oxychlordane (> 70%), followed by the larids (BLKI, IVGU and GLGU; 40-50%) and the alcids (DOVE and BLGU; 10-20%). The exception was TBMU, an alcid, where oxychlordane made up > 40% of its chlordane. EFs of chiral components failed to predict concentration or trophic level, but did identify biotransformation differences between species and chlordane components. TBMU appeared to have a greater capacity to metabolize and eliminate chlordane, based on high proportions of oxychlordane, the highest EFs for oxychlordane and heptachlor epoxide, and a delta 15N-sigma CHLOR value which was well below the relationships developed for all seabird species. Seven seabird species were collected from the Northwater Polynya in the high Arctic between Ellesmere Island and Greenland, and concentrations of enantiomeric fractions of chiral chlordane components were measured in liver and fat, and delta super(15)N values were determined in muscle tissue, to assess differences among species and the utility of the stable N isotope and enantiomeric fractions of chiral chlordane components to predict concentrations of chlordane in Arctic seabirds. The species included: dovekie, thick-billed murre, black guillemot, black-legged kittiwake, ivory gull, glaucous gull, and northern fulmar. Most of the chlordane components were quantified in all samples, except for trans-chlordane and MC7. Lipid-corrected concentrations of total chlordanes did not differ significantly between sexes or within tissues of the respective species, but differences were noted among species. Oxychlordane was the predominant chlordane in thick-billed murre, black-legged kittiwake, ivory gull, glaucous gull, and northern fulmar, while trans-nonachlor predominated in black guillemot, and cis-nonachlor predominated in dovekie. The amount of variability in chlordane concentrations in seabirds described by delta super(15)N values was statistically significant for all but MC7. Enantiomeric fractions were not related to the chlordane concentration or to trophic level and appeared to have very little potential to predict the variables of interest in seabirds. The Northwater Polynya (NOW) is a large area of year-round open water found in the high Arctic between Ellesmere Island and Greenland. NOW has high biological productivity compared with other arctic marine areas, and supports large populations of several seabird species. Seven species of seabirds, dovekie (Alle alle, DOVE), thick-billed murre (Uria lomvia, TBMU), black guillemot (Cepphus grylle, BLGU), black-legged kittiwake (Rissa tridactyla, BLKI), ivory gull (Pagophila eburnea, IVGU), glaucous gull (Larus hyperboreus, GLGU) and northern fulmar (Fulmarus glacialis, NOFU) were collected in May and June 1998 to determine chlordane concentrations in liver and fat and to examine species differences, relationships with stable isotopes of nitrogen, and enantiomeric fractions (EFs) of chiral components. capital sigma CHLOR concentrations varied over an order of magnitude among species, from a low of 176 plus or minus 19 ng/g (lipid corrected) in TMBU liver to a high of 3190 plus or minus 656 ng/g (lipid corrected) in NOFU liver. Lipid-corrected concentrations of chlordane did not vary between sex for any species or between fat and liver except for the DOVE, that had fat concentrations that were significantly greater than the liver. delta super(15)N values described a significant percentage of the variability of concentrations for most chlordane components, although less than what has been reported for whole food chains. Slopes of delta super(15)N versus concentration of chlordane components and capital sigma CHLOR were similar with the exception of those which were metabolized (trans-chlordane) or formed through biotransformation (oxychlordane). The relative proportions of chlordane components in seabirds were related to phylogeny; the procellariid (NOFU) had the greatest percentage of oxychlordane (> 70%), followed by the larids (BLKI, IVGU and GLGU; 40-50%) and the alcids (DOVE and BLGU; 10-20%). The exception was TBMU, an alcid, where oxychlordane made up > 40% of its chlordane. EFs of chiral components failed to predict concentration or trophic level, but did identify biotransformation differences between species and chlordane components. TBMU appeared to have a greater capacity to metabolize and eliminate chlordane, based on high proportions of oxychlordane, the highest EFs for oxychlordane and heptachlor epoxide, and a delta super(15)N- capital sigma CHLOR value which was well below the relationships developed for all seabird species. |
Author | Fisk, A.T Hobson, K.A Moisey, J Norstrom, R.J Karnovsky, N.J |
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Keywords | Nitrogen-15 Bioaccumulation Chiral compounds Biotransformation Isotopic analysis Cepphus grylle Insecticide Metabolite Interspecific comparison Pesticides Chiral compound Nitrogen Polynya Marine environment Vertebrata Fulmarus glacialis Organochlorine compounds Aves Biological accumulation Chlordane Rissa tridactyla Cyclodiene derivative |
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Snippet | The relative proportions of chlordane and its components in seabirds was related to phylogeny.
The Northwater Polynya (NOW) is a large area of year-round open... The Northwater Polynya (NOW) is a large area of year-round open water found in the high Arctic between Ellesmere Island and Greenland. NOW has high biological... Seven seabird species were collected from the Northwater Polynya in the high Arctic between Ellesmere Island and Greenland, and concentrations of enantiomeric... |
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SubjectTerms | Adipose Tissue - chemistry Alle alle Animal, plant and microbial ecology Animals Applied ecology Arctic Regions Arctic, Northwater Polynya Aves Bioaccumulation Biological and medical sciences Biotransformation Birds Cepphus grylle Chiral compounds Chlordan - metabolism Chlordan - pharmacokinetics Ecotoxicology, biological effects of pollution Effects of pollution and side effects of pesticides on vertebrates Environmental Monitoring Fulmarus glacialis Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology Insecticides - metabolism Insecticides - pharmacokinetics Larus hyperboreus Liver - chemistry Marine Nitrogen Isotopes - chemistry Nitrogen-15 Pagophila eburnea Rissa tridactyla Tissue Distribution Uria lomvia |
Title | Chlordane components and metabolites in seven species of Arctic seabirds from the Northwater Polynya: relationships with stable isotopes of nitrogen and enantiomeric fractions of chiral components |
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