Chlordane components and metabolites in seven species of Arctic seabirds from the Northwater Polynya: relationships with stable isotopes of nitrogen and enantiomeric fractions of chiral components

• Published in: Environmental pollution (1987) Vol. 113; no. 2; pp. 225 - 238
• Main Authors: Fisk, A.T, Moisey, J, Hobson, K.A, Karnovsky, N.J, Norstrom, R.J
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Oxford Elsevier Ltd 01.01.2001; Elsevier
• Subjects: Adipose Tissue - chemistry; Alle alle; Animal, plant and microbial ecology; Animals; Applied ecology; Arctic Regions; Arctic, Northwater Polynya; Aves; Bioaccumulation; Biological and medical sciences; Biotransformation; Birds; Cepphus grylle; Chiral compounds; Chlordan - metabolism; Chlordan - pharmacokinetics; Ecotoxicology, biological effects of pollution; Effects of pollution and side effects of pesticides on vertebrates; Environmental Monitoring; Fulmarus glacialis; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology; Insecticides - metabolism; Insecticides - pharmacokinetics; Larus hyperboreus; Liver - chemistry; Marine; Nitrogen Isotopes - chemistry; Nitrogen-15; Pagophila eburnea; Rissa tridactyla; Tissue Distribution; Uria lomvia; North America; Greenland; America; Arctic Regions; ANW, Atlantic, Baffin Bay, North Water Polynya; Nitrogen-15; Bioaccumulation; Chiral compounds; Biotransformation; Isotopic analysis; Cepphus grylle; Insecticide; Metabolite; Interspecific comparison; Pesticides; Chiral compound; Nitrogen; Polynya; Marine environment; Vertebrata; Fulmarus glacialis; Organochlorine compounds; Aves; Biological accumulation; Chlordane; Rissa tridactyla; Cyclodiene derivative
• ISSN: 0269-7491; 1873-6424
• DOI: 10.1016/S0269-7491(00)00153-6

The relative proportions of chlordane and its components in seabirds was related to phylogeny. The Northwater Polynya (NOW) is a large area of year-round open water found in the high Arctic between Ellesmere Island and Greenland. NOW has high biological productivity compared with other arctic marine areas, and supports large populations of several seabird species. Seven species of seabirds, dovekie ( Alle alle, DOVE), thick-billed murre ( Uria lomvia, TBMU), black guillemot ( Cepphus grylle, BLGU), black-legged kittiwake ( Rissa tridactyla, BLKI), ivory gull ( Pagophila eburnea, IVGU), glaucous gull ( Larus hyperboreus, GLGU) and northern fulmar ( Fulmaris glacialis, NOFU) were collected in May and June 1998 to determine chlordane concentrations in liver and fat and to examine species differences, relationships with stable isotopes of nitrogen, and enantiomeric fractions (EFs) of chiral components. ΣCHLOR concentrations varied over an order of magnitude among species, from a low of 176±19 ng/g (lipid corrected) in TMBU liver to a high of 3190±656 ng/g (lipid corrected) in NOFU liver. Lipid-corrected concentrations of chlordane did not vary between sex for any species or between fat and liver except for the DOVE, that had fat concentrations that were significantly greater than the liver. δ 15N values described a significant percentage of the variability of concentrations for most chlordane components, although less than what has been reported for whole food chains. Slopes of δ 15N versus concentration of chlordane components and ΣCHLOR were similar with the exception of those which were metabolized ( trans-chlordane) or formed through biotransformation (oxychlordane). The relative proportions of chlordane components in seabirds were related to phylogeny; the procellariid (NOFU) had the greatest percentage of oxychlordane (>70%), followed by the larids (BLKI, IVGU and GLGU; 40–50%) and the alcids (DOVE and BLGU; 10–20%). The exception was TBMU, an alcid, where oxychlordane made up >40% of its chlordane. EFs of chiral components failed to predict concentration or trophic level, but did identify biotransformation differences between species and chlordane components. TBMU appeared to have a greater capacity to metabolize and eliminate chlordane, based on high proportions of oxychlordane, the highest EFs for oxychlordane and heptachlor epoxide, and a δ 15N-ΣCHLOR value which was well below the relationships developed for all seabird species.