Differential engagement of cognitive control regions and subgenual cingulate based upon presence or absence of comorbid anxiety with depression

•Cognitive control deficits may cause impaired emotion regulation in mood disorders.•rMDD group showed less cognitive control network (CCN) activity during commissions.•Comorbid rMDD and anxiety showed increased salience and emotion network activity.•increased salience and emotion network activity m...

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Published inJournal of affective disorders Vol. 241; pp. 371 - 380
Main Authors Jenkins, Lisanne M., Stange, Jonathan P., Bessette, Katie L., Chang, Yi-Shin, Corwin, Samantha D., Skerrett, Kristy A., Patrón, Víctor G., Zubieta, Jon-Kar, Crane, Natania A., Passarotti, Alessandra M., Pine, Daniel S., Langenecker, Scott A.
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Netherlands Elsevier B.V 01.12.2018
Subjects
Adolescent
Anxiety Disorders - physiopathology
Brain Mapping
Cognition - physiology
Cognitive control network
Comorbidity
Compensatory error monitoring
Depressive Disorder, Major - physiopathology
Emotions - physiology
Executive control
Executive Function
Female
fMRI
Gyrus Cinguli - physiology
Humans
Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Male
Neuropsychological Tests
Remitted depression
Salience network
Young Adult
Cognitive control network
fMRI
Salience network
Remitted depression
Executive control
Compensatory error monitoring
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Summary:•Cognitive control deficits may cause impaired emotion regulation in mood disorders.•rMDD group showed less cognitive control network (CCN) activity during commissions.•Comorbid rMDD and anxiety showed increased salience and emotion network activity.•increased salience and emotion network activity may be compensatory in anxiety.•Comorbid anxiety is a meaningful subtype of MDD. Major depressive disorder (MDD) and anxiety disorders are highly comorbid, sharing many similar symptoms, including impairments in cognitive control. Deficits in cognitive control could be a potential mechanism underlying impaired emotion regulation in mood disorders. Participants were 44 individuals with no history of mental illness (healthy controls, HC), 31 individuals in the remitted state of MDD (rMDD), and 18 individuals who met lifetime DSM-IV-TR criteria for rMDD and an anxiety disorder in remission (Comorbid). Participants completed a Parametric Go/No-Go (PGNG) test during fMRI. Event-related analyses modeled activity for cognitive control successes (Hits for Targets, Rejections for Lures) and failures (Commissions on Lures) on the PGNG task. The rMDD group showed significantly reduced activity within the cognitive control network (CCN) during Commission errors, including the middle frontal gyrus and inferior parietal lobule (IPL). The Comorbid group showed significantly reduced activity in several clusters within the CCN during correct Rejections, including the left IPL and right inferior frontal gyrus and greater subgenual cingulate. Notably, during correct Rejections, 60% of activation for the Comorbid group was within the Salience and Emotion Network (SEN), with 0% within the CCN. The size of the Comorbid subgroup was modest, preventing subanalysis of the different AD subtypes. There is evidence that CCN activity declines in rMDD and that there may be compensatory SEN activity in individuals with Comorbid rMDD and anxiety. Our findings support the identification of comorbid anxiety as a meaningful subtype of MDD that may obscure group differences between rMDD and HCs.
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Jonathon Stange interpreted the data, wrote portions of the manuscript, and gave final approval of the manuscript.
Daniel Pine Contributed to the interpretation of the data and it’s methods of analysis, revised the manuscript for intellectual content and gave final approval of the manuscript.
Lisanne Jenkins analysed and interpreted the data and wrote the majority of the manuscript and gave final approval of the manuscript.
Scott Langenecker Conceived and designed the study, oversaw all aspects of the study and manuscript, gave final approval of the manuscript.
Alessandra Passarotti Contributed to the interpretation of the data, revised the manuscript for intellectual content and gave final approval of the manuscript.
Specific contributions of each author
Yi-Shin Chang Contributed to the data analysis, revised the manuscript for intellectual content, gave final approval of the manuscript.
Katie Bessette Contributed to the data analysis, revised the manuscript for intellectual content, gave final approval of the manuscript.
Victor Patron Contributed to the data analysis, revised the manuscript for intellectual content, gave final approval of the manuscript.
Natania Crane Contributed to the interpretation of the data, revised the manuscript for intellectual content and gave final approval of the manuscript.
Samantha Corwin Contributed to the data analysis, revised the manuscript for intellectual content, gave final approval of the manuscript.
Jon-Kar Zubieta Contributed to the conception and design of the study, revised thed manuscript for intellectual content, gave final approval of the manuscript.
Kristy Skerrett Contributed to the data analysis, revised the manuscript for intellectual content, gave final approval of the manuscript.
ISSN:0165-0327
1573-2517
DOI:10.1016/j.jad.2018.07.082