A Basis for Relative Growth Rate Differences Between Native and Invasive Forb Seedlings

The ability of invasive plants to achieve higher relative growth rates (RGR) than their native counterparts has been widely documented. However, the mechanisms allowing invasives to achieve higher RGR are poorly understood. The objective of this study was to determine the basis for RGR differences b...

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Bibliographic Details
Published inRangeland ecology & management Vol. 60; no. 4; pp. 395 - 400
Main Authors James, Jeremy J., Drenovsky, Rebecca E.
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Elsevier Inc 01.07.2007
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Summary:The ability of invasive plants to achieve higher relative growth rates (RGR) than their native counterparts has been widely documented. However, the mechanisms allowing invasives to achieve higher RGR are poorly understood. The objective of this study was to determine the basis for RGR differences between native and invasive forbs that have widely invaded nutrient-poor soils of the Intermountain West. Six native and 6 invasive forbs were seeded in pots in a greenhouse, and 4 harvests were conducted over a 2-month period. These 4 harvests were used to calculate RGR and the components of RGR, net assimilation rate (rate of dry matter production per unit leaf area), leaf area ratio (LAR, leaf area per unit total plant mass), leaf mass ratio (the proportion of biomass allocated to leaves), and specific leaf area (SLA, leaf area per unit leaf biomass). Mean RGR of the 12 study species ranged between 0.04 and 0.15g · g−1 · d−1 but was significantly higher for invasive forbs compared to native forbs (P  =  0.036). The higher RGR achieved by invasive forbs was due mainly to a greater SLA and LAR. This indicates that invasive forbs achieved higher RGR than natives primarily by creating more leaf area per unit leaf mass, not by allocating more biomass to leaf tissue or by having a higher net rate of dry matter production. A high degree of variation in RGR, SLA, and LAR was observed in native forbs, suggesting that the ability to design weed-resistant plant communities may be improved by managing for specific functional traits as opposed to functional groups. La capacidad de las plantas invasoras para lograr tasas relativas de crecimiento (RGR) superiores a sus contrapartes nativas ha sido ampliamente documentada. Sin embargo, los mecanismos que permiten a estas plantas lograr mayores RGR son poco entendidos. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar las basas de la diferencia de la RGR entre hierbas nativas e invasoras que han invadido ampliamente suelos pobres en nutrientes de la región ínter montañosa del oeste. Seis especies herbáceas nativas y seis invasoras se sembraron en macetas en un invernadero y se cosecharon cuatro veces en un periodo de dos meses. Estas cosechas se usaron para calcular la RGR y sus componentes, la tasa de asimilación neta (la tasa de producción de materia seca por unidad de área foliar), la relación de área foliar (LAR, área foliar por unidad total de biomasa de la planta), la relación de masa foliar (la proporción de biomasa asignada a las hojas) y el área foliar específica (SLA, el área foliar por unidad de biomasa de hojas). La RGR media de las 12 especies en estudio varió de 0.04 a 0.15g · g−1 · d−1, pero fue significativamente mayor en las especies invasoras que en las nativas (P  =  0.036). La mayor RGR lograda por las hierbas invasoras se debió principalmente a su mayor SLA y LAR. Esto indica que las especies invasoras lograron una mayor RGR que las nativas al producir mas área foliar por unidad de biomasa de hojas, no por asignar más biomasa al tejido foliar o por tener una mayor tasa neta de producción de materia seca. Se observó un alto grado de variación de RGR, SLA y LAR en las hierbas nativas, sugiriendo que la capacidad para diseñar comunidades de plantas resistentes a las malezas puede ser mejorada manejando características funcionales específicas opuestas a los grupos funcionales.
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ISSN:1550-7424
1551-5028
DOI:10.2111/1551-5028(2007)60[395:ABFRGR]2.0.CO;2