Furry pet-related wheeze and rhinitis in pre-school children across China: Associations with early life dampness and mould, furry pet keeping, outdoor temperature, PM10 and PM2.5

• Published in: Environment international Vol. 144; p. 106033
• Main Authors: Lu, Chan, Norbäck, Dan, Zhang, Yinping, Li, Baizhan, Zhao, Zhuohui, Huang, Chen, Zhang, Xin, Qian, Hua, Sun, Yuexia, Wang, Juan, Liu, Wei, Sundell, Jan, Deng, Qihong
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Elsevier Ltd 01.11.2020; Elsevier
• Subjects: Allergic rhinitis; Cat and dog keeping; Dampness; Farm environment; Furry pet allergy; Indoor mould; Urbanization; Farm environment; Allergic rhinitis; Urbanization; Furry pet allergy; Dampness; Indoor mould; Cat and dog keeping
• ISSN: 0160-4120; 1873-6750
• DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.106033

•Prenatal air pollution (PM2.5 and PM10) can increase furry pet related symptoms among pre-school children in China.•Indoor mould, dampness and window pane condensation can increase furry pet related symptoms and diagnosed rhinitis.•Early life cat and dog keeping can increase furry pet related symptoms and diagnosed rhinitis.•Prenatal farm exposure and living in less urbanized areas can protect against rhinitis not related to furry pets. Few Chinese population studies exist on early life risk factors for furry pet allergy. We studied childhood respiratory symptoms when in contact with furry pets in relation to early life exposure. Moreover, we studied similar environmental associations for rhinitis not related to furry pets. Children aged 3–6 y from day care centres in seven Chinese cities participated (N = 39,782). Parents answered a questionnaire on home environment and children’s health, including rhinoconjunctivitis and wheeze when in contact with furry pets, and diagnosed rhinitis. Prenatal and postnatal outdoor temperature, PM2.5, PM10, and NO2 were calculated using data from monitoring stations. Associations were estimated by multilevel logistic regression. Totally 2% had cats, 4% dogs, and 3.2% had rhinoconjunctivitis or wheeze when in contact with furry pets (FP symptoms). Moreover, 1.1% had furry pet related diagnosed rhinitis and 7.5% had diagnosed rhinitis not related to furry pets (other diagnosed rhinitis). Prenatal PM2.5 and PM10, especially in second trimester, and a colder climate were risk factors for FP symptoms. ETS, dampness and mould, condensation on windows in wintertime, and cats and dog keeping were associated with FP symptoms. Breast feeding and frequent window opening were protective. Similar indoor associations were found for furry pet related diagnosed rhinitis. ETS, dampness and mould, window condensation, urbanization and mechanical exhaust ventilation were risk factors for other diagnosed rhinitis. Cooking with an electric stove and early life exposure to animals (cats, dogs, farm environment during pregnancy) were protective for diagnosed rhinitis not related to furry pets. Prenatal outdoor PM10 and PM2.5 can be risk factors for symptoms suggestive of furry pet allergy. Early life dampness and mould can be risk factors for rhinitis related and not related to furry pets. Exposure to animals (cats, dogs, farm environment) may reduce diagnosed rhinitis not related to furry pets.