Additive-manufactured sensors for biofuel analysis: copper determination in bioethanol using a 3D-printed carbon black/polylactic electrode

We show that fused deposition modelling (FDM) 3D-printed electrodes can be used for quality control of fuel bioethanol. 3D-printing using carbon black/polylactic acid (CB-PLA) filaments resulted in conductive and biodegradable electrodes for biofuel analysis. As a proof-of-concept, copper determinat...

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Published inAnalytical and bioanalytical chemistry Vol. 412; no. 12; pp. 2755 - 2762
Main Authors João, Afonso F., Squissato, André L., Richter, Eduardo M., Muñoz, Rodrigo A. A.
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Berlin/Heidelberg Springer Berlin Heidelberg 01.05.2020
Springer
Springer Nature B.V
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Summary:We show that fused deposition modelling (FDM) 3D-printed electrodes can be used for quality control of fuel bioethanol. 3D-printing using carbon black/polylactic acid (CB-PLA) filaments resulted in conductive and biodegradable electrodes for biofuel analysis. As a proof-of-concept, copper determination in fuel bioethanol was performed, as such ions catalyse oxidation processes during storage and transport. Square-wave anodic-stripping voltammetry (SWASV) of copper was achieved after sample dilution in 0.1 mol L −1 HCl as supporting electrolyte (resulting in 30:70% v / v ethanol:water). The linear responses were in the range between 10 and 300 μg L −1 ( R  = 0.999), inter-day precision was lower than 8% ( n  = 10, for 20 μg L −1 ) and limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) using 180 s as deposition time were 0.097 μg L −1 and 0.323 μg L −1 , respectively. Recovery values between 95 and 103% for the analysis of bioethanol spiked with known amounts of copper were obtained. These results show great promise of the application of 3D-printed sensors for the quality control of biofuels. Graphical abstract
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ISSN:1618-2642
1618-2650
DOI:10.1007/s00216-020-02513-y