Influence of pulse ratio on codeposition of copper species with calcium phosphate coatings on titanium by means of electrochemically assisted deposition

• Published in: Journal of biomedical materials research. Part B, Applied biomaterials Vol. 102; no. 1; pp. 160 - 172
• Main Authors: Wolf-Brandstetter, Cornelia, Oswald, Steffen, Bierbaum, Susanne, Wiesmann, Hans-Peter, Scharnweber, Dieter
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Hoboken, NJ Blackwell Publishing Ltd 01.01.2014; Wiley-Blackwell; Wiley Subscription Services, Inc
• Subjects: Biocompatibility; Biological and medical sciences; Biomedical materials; Calcium phosphate; calcium phosphate(s); Calcium Phosphates - chemistry; Coated Materials, Biocompatible - chemistry; coating(s); Coatings; Copper; Copper - chemistry; Deposition; Durapatite - chemistry; ECAD; Electrochemical Techniques; Electrolytes; Humans; Hydroxyapatite; Materials research; Materials science; Materials Testing; Medical sciences; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; Osseointegration; Prostheses and Implants; Protective coatings; pulsed deposition; Surface Properties; Surgery (general aspects). Transplantations, organ and tissue grafts. Graft diseases; Surgical implants; Technology. Biomaterials. Equipments; Titanium; Titanium - chemistry; Calcium Phosphates; ECAD; calcium phosphate(s); pulsed deposition; Coating material; Titanium; Calcium phosphate; coating(s); Biomaterial; Copper; Coatings; Biomedical engineering; copper
• ISSN: 1552-4973; 1552-4981
• DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.32992

Aim of this study was to combine the well-known biocompatibility and ostoeconductivity of thin calcium phosphate coatings on titanium with proangiogenic signals from codeposited copper species. Copper species could be integrated in mineral layers based on hydroxyapatite by means of electrochemically assisted deposition from electrolytes containing calcium, phosphate, and copper ions. Different combinations of duration and intensity of galvanostatic pulses result in different amounts of deposited calcium phosphate and of copper species even for the same applied total charge. Absolute amounts of copper varied between 2.1 and 6.9 μg/cm², and the copper was distributed homogeneously as shown by EDX mapping. The presence of copper did not change the crystalline phase of deposited calcium phosphate (hydroxyapatite) but provoked a significant decrease in deposited amounts by factor 3 to 4. The copper was deposited mainly as Cu(I) species with a minor fraction of basic copper phosphates. Reduction of copper occurred not only at the surface of titanium but also within the hydroxyapatite coating due to the reaction with hydrogen produced by the electrolysis of water during the cathodic polarization of the substrate.