Pathophysiology of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome and COVID-19 Lung Injury
The pathophysiology of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is marked by inflammation-mediated disruptions in alveolar-capillary permeability, edema formation, reduced alveolar clearance and collapse/derecruitment, reduced compliance, increased pulmonary vascular resistance, and resulting gas...
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Published in | Critical care clinics Vol. 37; no. 4; p. 749 |
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Main Authors | , |
Format | Journal Article |
Language | English |
Published |
United States
01.10.2021
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Subjects | |
Online Access | Get more information |
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Summary: | The pathophysiology of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is marked by inflammation-mediated disruptions in alveolar-capillary permeability, edema formation, reduced alveolar clearance and collapse/derecruitment, reduced compliance, increased pulmonary vascular resistance, and resulting gas exchange abnormalities due to shunting and ventilation-perfusion mismatch. Mechanical ventilation, especially in the setting of regional disease heterogeneity, can propagate ventilator-associated injury patterns including barotrauma/volutrauma and atelectrauma. Lung injury due to the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 resembles other causes of ARDS, though its initial clinical characteristics may include more profound hypoxemia and loss of dyspnea perception with less radiologically-evident lung injury, a pattern not described previously in ARDS. |
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ISSN: | 1557-8232 |
DOI: | 10.1016/j.ccc.2021.05.003 |