Preconcentration of Rare Earth Elements Using Amberlite XAD-4 Modified With 2,6-Pyridinedicarboxaldehyde and Their Determination by Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry

• Published in: Water, air, and soil pollution Vol. 225; no. 5; pp. 1 - 10
• Main Authors: Karadaş, Cennet, Kara, Derya
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Cham Springer-Verlag 01.05.2014; Springer International Publishing; Springer; Springer Nature B.V
• Subjects: Analysis; Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution; Carbon; Chemical analysis; Climate Change/Climate Change Impacts; detection limit; Detection limits; Drinking water; Earth and Environmental Science; Electrons; Emissions; Environment; Environmental monitoring; Extraction processes; Flow rates; Gas flow; Hydrogeology; ions; pH effects; Plasma; Pollution control; Pyridine; Rare earth elements; Reference materials; Resins; Scientific imaging; Sea-water; Seawater; Soil Science & Conservation; solid phase extraction; Sorption; Spectrometry; spectroscopy; Spectrum analysis; Studies; Surface water; tap water; Trace elements; Water analysis; Water pollution; Water Quality/Water Pollution; Water sampling; Turkey; Solid phase extraction; Amberlite XAD-4; Preconcentration; Rare earth elements (REEs); Inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES); 2,6-Pyridinedicarboxaldehyde; Waters
• ISSN: 0049-6979; 1573-2932
• DOI: 10.1007/s11270-014-1972-3

A new solid phase extraction method was developed for the preconcentration and determination of rare earth elements (REEs) (Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Yb, Lu, Ce) in water samples. The method is based on the sorption of REE ions onto the 2,6-pyridinedicarboxaldehyde-functionalized Amberlite XAD-4 resin at pH 7.0, followed by the elution with 2 mL of 1.0 mol L⁻¹ HNO₃ solution and determination by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). The main parameters affecting preconcentration, including sample pH, sample and eluent flow rate, and sample volume, have been investigated in detail. Under the optimum conditions (pH 7.0, sample flow rate of 1.0 mL min⁻¹, and eluent flow rate of 4.0 mL min⁻¹), detection limits between 0.011 and 0.298 μg L⁻¹ for a 25 mL sample volume and 0.006 and 0.149 μg L⁻¹ for a 50 mL sample volume were obtained. The sorption capacities for the resin were found to range between 49.0 μmol g⁻¹ (for Lu) and 66.7 μmol g⁻¹ (for Sm). The method was validated by analysis using a surface water certified reference material (SPS-SW2 Batch 127). The proposed method was successfully applied to the determination of REEs in tap water and seawater samples. The recovery values for the spiked water samples were in the range of 90.0–101.7 %.