Role of DNA De-methylation intermediate ‘5-hydroxymethylcytosine’ in ovarian cancer management: A comprehensive review

• Published in: Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy Vol. 155; p. 113674
• Main Authors: Bisht, Deepa, Arora, Arisha, Sachan, Manisha
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Elsevier Masson SAS 01.11.2022; Elsevier
• Subjects: 5-hydroxymethylcytosine; Diagnostic; DNA demethylation; Epigenetic biomarker; Ovarian Cancer; Ten-eleven translocation; Ten-eleven translocation; DNMTs; YAP1; ECM1; 5-hydroxymethylcytosine; ONECUT1; Epigenetic biomarker; Diagnostic; FIGO; Ovarian Cancer; 5hmC; hMLH; AMCC; OC; TUBB3; EOC; EOMES; CTNNB; DAPK; DNA demethylation; PROX1; DKK1; CLDN4; SFRP2; CRC; HATs; ATF5; HDAC
• ISSN: 0753-3322; 1950-6007
• DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113674

Ovarian cancer remains the most eminent silent killer, with high morbidity and mortality among all gynaecological cancers. The advanced-stage patient's diagnosis has a low survival rate caused by its asymptomatic progression and diverse histopathological sub-types, wherefore in poor prognosis and highly recurring malignancy with multidrug resistance towards chemotherapy. Epigenetic biomarkers open promising avenues of intriguing research to combat OC malignancy, furthermore a tool for its early diagnosis. 5-hydroxymethycytosine (5-hmC), alias the sixth base of the genome, is an intermediate formed during the recently established DNA demethylation process and catalysed via ten-eleven translocation (TET) family of enzymes. It plays a significant role in regulating gene expression and has sparked interest in various cancer types. This review summarizes the role of active DNA demethylation process, its enzymes and intermediate 5-hmC in epigenetic landscape of ovarian cancer as a potent biomarker for clinical translation in identification of therapeutic targets, diagnostic and prognostic evaluation. [Display omitted] •5hmC alias the sixth base of the genome acts as an intermediate of active demethylation process.•5hmC is a stable epigenetic modification capable of regulating gene expression.•Genome-wide 5hmC profiling and global hypo-hydroxy methylation could uncover critical pathways and tumour cell aberrations in ovarian cancer.•5hmC mapping through high throughput methods offers great potential for clinical translation.