Risk perceptions of COVID-19 and its impact on precautionary behavior: A qualitative study

• Published in: Patient education and counseling Vol. 104; no. 8; pp. 1860 - 1867
• Main Authors: Alqahtani, Mohammed M.J., Arnout, Boshra A., Fadhel, Fahmi Hassan, Sufyan, Nabil Saleh SLeh
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Ireland Elsevier B.V 01.08.2021
• Subjects: Community disasters; COVID-19; Cross-Sectional Studies; Health behavior; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; Humans; Pandemics; Perception; Prevention and control; Psychology of crisis; Public health; SARS-CoV-2; Community disasters; Prevention and control; Public health; Psychology of crisis; Health behavior
• ISSN: 0738-3991; 1873-5134; 1873-5134
• DOI: 10.1016/j.pec.2021.02.025

•The risk perception of infectious disease is a key issue that affects the spread of the pandemic.•Risk perceptions play a major role as predictors of precautionary behavior.•Evaluating risk perception and precautionary behavior is a vital action for preventing and slowing COVID-19 infections. The controlling of the COVID-19 pandemic is influenced by the precautionary behavior of the community, and such behavior is frequently related to individuals’ risk perception. The current study aimed to explore risk perceptions and precautionary behavior in response to COVID-19. Qualitative in-depth interviews by telephone were undertaken with 26 participants from three affected cities in an initial stage of the disease outbreak, from May 3 to June 5, 2020. The method of analyzing data was inductive. The results were analyzed using interpretation, categorizing, and thematic analysis. The perception of risk is influenced by numerous individual, community, and cultural factors; these perceptions act as triggers for precautionary behavior, with a tendency to deny risks or react with exaggeration in terms of the precautionary reactions related to COVID-19. The thematic analysis produced two major categories: 1) risk perception and 2) precautionary behavior. The analysis provides essential insight into risk perception and precautionary behavior. The risk perceptions and patterns of precautionary behavior could be unreliable, unhealthy, and culturally affected, which would influence the effectiveness of pandemic control measures. Further investigations with more data and including risk perception and precautionary behavior in the national response plan for emergency and crisis are highly recommended. A greater understanding and ongoing assessment of COVID-19 risk perception could inform policymakers and health professionals who seek to promote precautionary behavior. This could also facilitate early interventions during pandemics.