A Syndrome of Transient Left Ventricular Apical Wall Motion Abnormality in the Absence of Coronary Disease: A Perspective from the United States

• Published in: Cardiology Vol. 100; no. 2; pp. 61 - 66
• Main Authors: Seth, Paula S., Aurigemma, Gerard P., Krasnow, Joshua M., Tighe, Dennis A., Untereker, William J., Meyer, Theo E.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Basel, Switzerland Karger 01.01.2003; S. Karger AG
• Subjects: Adrenergic beta-Antagonists - therapeutic use; Aged; Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors - therapeutic use; Biological and medical sciences; Biomarkers - blood; Cardiology. Vascular system; Coronary Disease - diagnosis; Coronary Disease - drug therapy; Coronary Disease - physiopathology; Creatine Kinase - blood; Creatine Kinase - metabolism; Creatine Kinase, MB Form; Echocardiography; Electrocardiography; Female; Follow-Up Studies; General Cardiology; Heart; Heart Ventricles - diagnostic imaging; Heart Ventricles - physiopathology; Humans; Isoenzymes - metabolism; Medical sciences; Middle Aged; Myocarditis. Cardiomyopathies; Myocardium - pathology; Necrosis; Rhabdomyolysis - blood; Rhabdomyolysis - diagnosis; Rhabdomyolysis - physiopathology; Severity of Illness Index; Stroke Volume - physiology; Syndrome; Troponin I - blood; United States - epidemiology; Ventricular Dysfunction, Left - diagnosis; Ventricular Dysfunction, Left - drug therapy; Ventricular Dysfunction, Left - physiopathology; United States; North America; America; Takotsubo; Echocardiography; T wave; Cardiomyopathy; Chest pain; Reversibility; Apical wall motion; Ventricular function, left; Human; Clinical form; Cardiovascular disease; Myocardial disease; Transitory; Left ventricle; Case study; Electrodiagnosis; Dysfunction; Heart disease; Electrocardiography; Thoracic pain; Apex
• ISSN: 0008-6312; 1421-9751
• DOI: 10.1159/000073040

Background: The syndrome of chest pain associated with characteristic anterior electrocardiographic changes, moderate increases in cardiac enzymes, and a reversible apical wall motion abnormality in the absence of coronary artery disease has been documented in Japan, but has received relatively little attention in other countries. Methods: The clinical and echocardiographic data of 12 patients (11 women, mean age 64 ±14 years) who presented with chest symptoms, electrocardiographic (ECG) changes indicative of an acute anteroapical myocardial infarction, abnormal cardiac enzyme levels and echocardiography showing an apical wall motion abnormality were collected. Coronary angiography was performed in 10 patients. A follow-up echocardiogram was obtained within 2 weeks of the initial diagnosis in most cases. Results: An identifiable, precipitating (‘trigger’) event could be identified in all 12 individuals. Respiratory distress was present in 7, the death of a relative in 3, in 4 a surgical or medical procedure had been performed, and in 1 a panic disorder was diagnosed. The echocardiograms showed a characteristic wall motion pattern of significant apical dysfunction. All of the patients who underwent coronary arteriography had noncritical coronary artery disease. Follow-up echocardiography showed normalization of the LV dysfunction in all instances. Conclusion: We identified a syndrome of chest pain, dyspnea, ECG and enzyme changes mimicking acute myocardial infarction, similar to the ‘Takotsubo’ syndrome described in Japan. It is likely that the widespread use of echocardiography, coupled with increased recognition of this syndrome, will result in this diagnosis being made more commonly.