Placental Insufficiencies in Cloned Animals – A Workshop Report

Abstract This workshop focused on describing clinical problems identified in the placentae of cloned animals and some of the potential biological mechanisms by which these anomalies arise. It was shown that placental anomalies related to somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) in cattle often can be de...

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Published inPlacenta Vol. 29; pp. 108 - 110
Main Authors Arnold, D.R, Fortier, A.L, Lefebvre, R, Miglino, M.A, Pfarrer, C, Smith, L.C
Format Journal Article Conference Proceeding
LanguageEnglish
Published Oxford Elsevier Ltd 01.03.2008
Elsevier
Subjects
Animals
Biological and medical sciences
Cloned animals
Cloning, Organism
Education
Embryology: invertebrates and vertebrates. Teratology
Epigenetics
Female
Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology
Genomic imprinting
Internal Medicine
Mash2
Obstetrics and Gynecology
Placenta
Placenta - pathology
Placenta - physiopathology
Placental Insufficiency - pathology
Placental Insufficiency - physiopathology
Pregnancy
Somatic cell nuclear transfer
VEGF-A
Placenta
Mash2
Somatic cell nuclear transfer
Epigenetics
Cloned animals
VEGF-A
Genomic imprinting
Placental insufficiency
Vertebrata
Mammalia
Pregnancy disorders
Placenta diseases
Animal
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Summary:Abstract This workshop focused on describing clinical problems identified in the placentae of cloned animals and some of the potential biological mechanisms by which these anomalies arise. It was shown that placental anomalies related to somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) in cattle often can be detected by ultrasonography early in gestation, enabling preventive clinical intervention. On the mechanistic front, the vascular defects in the placenta appear to be associated with anomalies in the expression of VEGF system, which could lead to the aberrant placentomes and generalized oedema seen in some gestations. Moreover, an upstream transcription factor (Mash2) controlling the differentiation of trophoblast into binucleate cells may be involved in the poor implantation rates of SCNT embryos. Finally, epigenetic patterns in placenta can be disrupted by fairly simple in vitro manipulations, which could explain the extreme anomalies observed in the placenta of SCNT pregnancies.
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ISSN:0143-4004
1532-3102
DOI:10.1016/j.placenta.2007.11.010